CHARACTERISTIC GENEROSITY 139 



money, in response to a request from Huxley, who says 

 in a letter to his wife : — 



" It came in the nick of time, as H. came an hour or two 

 after it arrived, and with many apologies told me he was quite 

 penniless. The poor old fellow was quite overcome when I 

 told him of how matters stood, and it was characteristic that as 

 soon as he got his breath again, he wanted to know when he 

 would begin teaching the children." 



Besides those already-mentioned, lectures were given 

 this year on "Starfishes and their Allies" (March 7, 

 Royal Institution) ; " The Geological History of Birds" 

 (June 7, Zoological Gardens) ; and " Belemnites " 

 (December 17, London Institution). 



The article on " Evolution" (Coll. Essays, ii, p. 187), 

 for the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica was 

 completed this year, but did not appear till the following. 

 There is evolution of the individual (ontogeny), and 

 evolution of animal groups (phylogeny). The study of 

 the latter, as based on observation followed by specula- 

 tion, does not go further back than the seventeenth 

 century, and Harvey's work serves as a point of departure. 

 The subject matter is grouped under eight headings : — 



1. Cartesianism, a mechanical theory of the physical 

 universe, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibnitz, De Maillet, 

 BufFon, Erasmus Darwin, Goethe, Lamarck, Treviranus, 

 Charles Darwin, "Wallace, Spencer, and Haeckel. 



2. Gradations of Structure among Living Beings, 

 Leeuwenhoek and Swammerdam, Lamarck, Cuvier and 

 Von Baer. 



3. Analogy between Ontogeny and Phylogeny, 

 Meckel. 



4. Morphology, or Form and Structure ; Variations 

 on a Common Plan, Belon and Wolff. 



5. Vestigial or Rudimentary Organs. 



