28 KEY FOE THE DETERMINATION OF THE 



Like the above, but the larger leaves, 



though smooth, whitened beneath; eastern Ward Willow 1 . 



Leaves whitened beneath with a fine 

 down, at least when young ; later smooth 

 but white ; twigs mostly red and purple ; 

 small slender trees, along streams, chiefly 



western and central Glaucous Willow 2 . 



Twigs with no bud at the end, tipped by 

 a hard point or white flowers or fruit ; 

 leaves 3 to 4 inches long, finely toothed, 

 smooth, acid when chewed, (p. 66.) Sourwood. 



A. Leaves less than three times as long as broad. 



Terminal bud over -J inch long ; fruit a 



3-angled nut, bark of trunk smooth, light 



gray; leaves straight-veined, (p. 111.) ..Beech. 



Small trees with smooth, light gray bark, 



fluted trunk, beech-like laaves and hop- 

 like clusters of fruit ; bud short ; .very 



common along streams, (p. 113.) '. Hornbeam. 



Leaves 3 to 4 inches long, sharp-pointed, 



downy beneath, as is the leafstem ; flow- 

 ers, white, bell-shaped, in drooping clus- 

 ters ; fruit about \ inch loug, 3-angled, 



the angles winged ; usually small trees. 



with striped green and brown branches ; 



along streams and cool hollows in the 



mountains, (p. 70.) Snowdrop-tree. 



Bark of small limbs peeling off in thin 



papery layers ; flowers in catkins in 



spring ; fruit cylindrical in shape, 1 inch 



long, covered with green bracts, each 



with a seed at its base within. — Birches. 

 Layers of bark red or pinkish ; leaves 



pale beneath ; common along streams, (p. 114.). ...River Birch. 

 Layers of bark silvery white; trees of 

 highest mountains ; leaves green be- 

 neath, (p. 113.) Yellow Birch. 



Bark of twig having tbe taste of winter- 

 green (or peppermint)" when chewed ; 



flowers and fruit of the above ; trees of 



cool mountains, (p. 115.) Sweet or Cherry Birch. 



The remaining native forest trees all have 



have small leaves, from 1 to 2 inches long 



long, green both sides and finely and 



sharply toothed. They are either elms or 



elm-like in the appearance of their foli- 

 age, and it is difficult to give accessible 



leaf-characters for their identification. 



Twigs yellowish or light brown ; 

 buds minute, sometimes clustered ; 

 fruit a small scaly nut ; bark smooth, 

 dark gray ; confined to the lower 



Cape Fear section Planer Tree 3 



Fruit in hop-like clusters ; small 



iSallx longipes wardit (Bebb) nom. nov. ; S. nigra wardl, liebb, Bui F~T~^~— — ■ 



-xxll, p. 111. «M. Mus. Xo. 



^Salix discolor, Muehlenburg. 

 spianera aquatlca, Gmel. 



