82 TIMBER TREES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



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pact, difficult to split and work; brown in color; the sapwood 

 lighter. It decays rapidly in contact with the soil or on exposure, 

 and warps and cracks badly in drying. It is used for ox yokes, 

 butchers' blocks, for interior finish, and in the manufacture of fur- 

 niture, and very largely for tobacco boxes. 



Juglans cinerea, Linnaeus. 



(WHITE WALNUT. BUTTERNUT.) 



A large tree, with dark granite-gray furrowed bark and light 

 gray smoothish branches, reaching a height of 115 and a diameter 

 of 3 feet. 



It occurs in rich woodlands, from southern New Brunswick, 

 the valley of the St. Lawrence river and Ontario, to Dakota and 

 Nebraska, southward to Delaware, Missouri, and Arkansas, and 

 along the Alleghany mountains to Georgia and Alabama ; reaching 

 its best development in the basin of the Ohio river. 



In North Carolina it occurs through the mountains and spar- 

 ingly through the upper part of the Piedmont plateau, but is 

 nowhere common. In certain cool, rich mountain valleys it 

 .attains a height of 70 and a diameter of 3 feet. (Fig. 15, p. S3.) 



The white walnut bears fruit abundantly only every 2 or 3 

 years, and young seedlings are uncommon. Young trees sprout 

 freely from the stump; old ones less readily. 



The leaflets are 11 to 17 in number on the sticky leafstein, 

 rounded at the base, taper-pointed, sharply toothed, and downy 

 on the lower surface. The sterile flowers are in large green cat- 

 kins, the fertile flowers small and inconspicuous. The brown 

 fruit is 2 to 3 inches long, very sticky, and contains an edible 

 nut. The naked winter-buds are light brown, blunt, and covered 

 with soft down ; the terminal buds large and conspicuous, the 

 lateral buds much smaller, two or three together above each leaf- 

 scar. There are numerous strong superficial lateral roots, while 

 the taproot in specimens over 10 inches in diameter is poorly 

 developed. 



The wood is light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, compact, and 

 easily worked ; light brown in color ; the sapwood, lighter. It 



