WHITE CEDAR. JUNIPER. 119 



antly. Young trees are common on bottom lands along streams. 

 Stumps over 18 inches in diameter sprout freely in the open. 



The leaves are broadly ovate, and serrate with large incurved 

 teeth. The winter buds are conical, shining brown, and of mod- 

 erate size. The Carolina poplar has numerous strong lateral 

 roots. 



The wood is very light, soft, not strong, close-grained, com- 

 pact, liable to warp, and hard to season ; dark brown in color ; 

 the thick sapwood nearly white. It is used for paper pulp, pack- 

 ing cases, fence boards, and fuel. 



Thuja ocoidentalis, Linnaeus. 



(ARBOR VITM.) 



An evergreen tree, of pyramidal habit, with a rapidly tapering 

 trunk furnished with numerous small branches at irregular inter- 

 vals, reaching a height of 60 and a diameter of 5 feet, or at its 

 southern limits reduced to a very small tree or shrub. 



It occurs from New Brunswick to Lake Winnipeg, south to 

 New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Minnesota, and along the 

 Appalachian mountains to North Carolina, growing on wet soil. 

 It is very common in the North. 



In this State, where it is but a shrub or small tree, it is con- 

 fined to the mountains. 



The small blunt-pointed or awl-shaped leaves are thickly pressed 

 along the branchlets in 4 rows. The flowers are very minute. 

 The light brown cones are | inch long, and each of the 6 to 12 

 oblong rounded scales protects 2 seeds. 



The wood is very light, soft, not strong, brittle, and very 

 durable in contact with the soil; light brown in color; the thin 

 sapwood nearly white. It is used for fencing, telegraph poles, 

 railroad ties, and shingles, and sometimes for cabinet work and 

 building. An oil distilled from the leaves has been used in pul- 

 monary complaints. 



Cupressus thyoides, Linnaeus.* 



(white cedar, juniper.) 



A slender evergreen tree, with numerous short spreading 



*Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea, Spach 



