TREATMENT OF WHITE CEDAR SWAMPS. 179 



be carried on which will allow regeneration beneath the shade of 

 the parent trees. After the laying out of the system of roads, a 

 preparatory cutting can be made in which most of the larger 

 specimens can be removed, being selected as uniformly as possible 

 so as to distribute the light below evenly. Then two, three or 

 four years later all of the remaining trees which can possibly be 

 utilized can be removed, waiting though until after there has been 

 a sufficiently large yield of seed to produce a thick stand of seed- 

 lings in the light shade caused by the breaking of the cover of 

 old trees. The young seedlings the second year after they have 

 sprouted will be able to endure full sunlight. 



There is no doubt but that the area of white cedar growth can 

 be much extended by introducing it artificially in localities which 

 have a suitable soil, but have a growth of bays and large gums, 

 which by their somewhat superior growth have naturally been 

 able to exclude the white cedar. The proportion of it can also 

 be increased in situations where it already grows by removing 

 competing species, — bays and gums, and permitting the cedar by 

 natural seedings to take their place. 



Artificial propagation must be by seed, and as has been sug- 

 gested, must be carried on in the shade of some other tree to protect 

 the young seedling from too rapid evaporation during the first 

 summer and autumn while the root-system is as yet comparatively 

 undeveloped, shallow, and insufficient to supply water as rapidly 

 as it passed off by transpiration. The seed, which are borne in 

 small berry-like cones, are very small and slightly winged. The 

 cones should be gathered in the early autumn, before they have 

 opened or fallen, and while the seed are yet in them, kept 

 through the winter in a place where they will not dry out, and 

 planted the next spring by sowing broadcast beneath the trees 

 that are to serve as protection to the young plants. 



THE POND PINE POCOSINS. 



These, as the name implies, have the pond pine as the distinc- 

 tive growth. With it are the white bay, red bay, and loblolly 

 bay, and less frequently small black gums and loblolly pines. 



During certain seasons of the year these pocosins are swamps 



