140 INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOUR 
bonds of association, combining and coalescing to constitute a 
conscious situation effective in behaviour under the guiding 
influence of pleasure and pain; while the rational being not 
only does all this, but goes further. He fixes his attention on 
the way in which the elements in the situation are con- 
nected and related; he builds an ideal framework on which 
the sensory impressions are set or move in an orderly manner. 
And it is this scheme, fashioned by reason and transforming 
the situation, which he utilizes in dealing with difficulties. 
Yet another way of putting the same essential distinction 
is to say that intelligence deals with pictures, either directly 
presented to the senses or called up in re-presentation. If we 
state the matter thus, however, we must remember that the 
“pictures”? may be painted in colours supplied by any of the 
senses ; and that smells, tastes, sounds, touches, pressures, 
limb-movements, and so forth, are elements in the pictured 
product. Bearing this in mind, we may say that intelligence 
deals with sensory impressions and their revived images in 
concrete and particular situations ; while reason analyzes the 
pictures, and extracts from them general notions in terms of 
which the pictures may be explained. For example, we picture 
a stone falling to the earth; but we explain it by the general 
notion of gravitative attraction. The conception forms part 
of our ideal scheme of knowledge, which is not itself picturable, 
though this or that example of its action may be presented or 
re-presented in sensory imagery. 
Once more: we may say—and this way of looking at the 
question arises naturally out of what has gone before—that 
intelligence deals with concrete examples, and does not rise to 
the abstract and general rule. The ideal scheme of reason is 
the result of abstraction and generalization. It is a frame- 
work of conceptions which can be applied to the particular 
facts which fall under observation to see whether it fits and 
meets the case. Intelligence has to deal with the facts as they 
present themselves, without the aid of an organized system of 
knowledge built up into an ideal scheme. , 
Enough has now been said to indicate the distinction 
