196 SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 
H. B. Medlicott,* “I was geologizing along the base of the 
Muhair Hills in South Behar, when all of a sudden there was 
a stampede of many pigs from the fringe of the jungle, with 
porcine shrieks of sawve-qui-peut significance. After a short 
run in the open they took to the jungle again, and in a few 
minutes there was another uproar, but different in sound and 
in action; there was a rush, presumably of the fighting 
members, to the spot where the row began, and after some 
seconds a large leopard sprang from the midst of the scuffle. 
In a few bounds he was in the open, and stood looking back, 
licking his chaps. The pigs did not break cover, but con- 
tinued on their way. They were returning to their lair after 
a night’s feeding on the plain, several families having com- 
bined for mutual protection ; while the beasts of prey were 
evidently waiting for the occasion. I was alone, and, though 
armed, I did not care to beat up the ground to see if in either 
case a kill had been effected. The numerous herd covered a 
considerable space, and the scrub was thick. The prompt 
concerted action must in each case have been started by the 
special cry. I imagine that the first assailant was a tiger, and 
the case was at once known to be hopeless, the cry prompting 
instant flight, while in the second case the cry was for defence. 
It can scarcely be doubted that in the first case each adult pig 
had a vision of a tiger, and in the second of a leopard or some 
minor foe.” 
Tf we accept Mr. Medlicott’s interpretation as in the main 
correct, we have in this case: (1) common action in social 
behaviour, (2) community of emotional state, and (3) the sug- 
gestion of natural enemies not unfamiliar in the experience of 
the herd. Under uniform conditions of experience the alarm- 
notes of some birds may well call up, re-presentatively, salient 
features in previous situations. Unquestionably, in the parrot, 
the word-sounds they imitate become associated with definite 
objects of sense-experience. In the following case, a particular 
* «The Evolution of Mind in Man,” footnote, pp. 25, 26. Quoted in 
“ Introduction to Comparative Psychology,” from which the comments on 
it are extracted. 
