276 THE FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS 
In the first case, the soldier-beetle is the centre of interest 
in the situation. As the situation develops, the element of 
nauseousness is introduced. As Dr. Stout puts it, this is what 
gives the soldier-beetle meaning. Can it be doubted that, 
if there be any distribution, the nauseousness, though it is 
altogether what we have learnt to call a subjective affection, 
attaches itself to the soldier-beetle? The plain man, un- 
sophisticated by Berkeleyan discussion, says simply, in such 
cases, “ The thing is nauseous.” And this probably indicates 
the naive and primitive distribution. Turning now to our second 
example, when the hen hears the courtship song the mate is the 
centre of a situation suffused with pleasurable feeling. How 
is the joyousness, again essentially subjective for our later 
thought, distributed ? Surely, if at all, on the mate who forms 
the centre of interest. This it is which gives him meaning. 
The joy of the hearer is projected on to the singer. Not entirely, 
perhaps ; the hen literally, on Professor James’s theory of the 
emotions, feels her heart-beat quickened by his presence, 
and the delightful ruffling of her feathers. But our aim is 
not to deny that the germs of the subjective arise in the 
midst of such situations, but to contend that some at least of 
the joyous character of the situation attaches to the song 
of the singer, that some of the feeling is projected, and that 
this is what gives the mate meaning. In our third case, the 
playful puppy bites his companion, and is sharply bitten in 
return. Pain enters into the coalescent situation as a whole. 
How is it distributed ? In the phraseology of association, the 
nip he gives is closely linked with the pain he receives. By 
coalescence the pain and the nip form parts of the developed 
situation. But the companion is the centre of interest. And 
part of the pain is probably projected on this centre. That 
such projection actually occurs is rendered probable by such 
cases as the following, which was told me some years ago. A 
child, whose exact age I have forgotten if I then ascertained, 
was pricked by a pin, and he said, ‘Pin ’urted; poor pin.” 
It is, indeed, not unlikely that with animals the outward pro- 
jection of feeling is widely distributed over inanimate, as well 
