KEY TO FAMILIES. 



55 



family 16. Panda. — Nuthatches and Titmice (Fig. 57). 

 Subfamily Sittinm. — Nuthatches. 



Bill rather long and slenOer, the end of the lower mandible 



slightly upward; wings long and 



pointed, the third or fourth primary 



the longest, the first very small, not 



an inch in length ; tail sho.vt i.nd 



square, the outer feathers blotched 



with white, p. 386. 

 SubfamOy Parinx. — Titmice. 



Length 4-50-6-50 ; bill short, stout, and 



rounded, less than half an inch in 



length ; fourth or fifth primary longest, 



first very short, not more than one 



third as long; tail rather long, dull 



ashy gray without white blotches, 



p. 389. 



slanting 



Fia. 57. 



Family 17. Syltiiidm. — Kiholets and 

 Gwatcatchebs (Fig. 58). 

 Length 3-50-5-00; bill slender, re- 

 sembling that of some Warblers, but 

 the first primary is very short, only 

 about one third as long as the longest, 

 p. 391. 



Fio. 58. 



Family 18. Turdidue. — 



Thbushes, Blcebieds, 

 etc. (Fig. 59). 

 Length over 5-50 ; bill mod- 

 erate, the tip of the upper 

 mandible notched ; tarsus 

 smooth, the scales, if any, 

 fused and indistinct; tail 

 square : wings long and 

 pointed, 3-75 or over, third 

 primary the longest, the 

 first very short, less than 

 one inch in length, p. 394. 



Fig. E9. 



