GROUSE, BOB-WHITES, ETC. 183 



and. neck barred, and back marked with numerous fine wavy lines of gray 

 at^ white or huffy ; central tail-feathers like the back, outer ones fuscous, 

 generally tipped with white ; breast and sides like the head and neck ; belly 

 white. Ad. 9 in summer. — Above black, barred with ochraceous-buflf and 

 margined with grayish ; middle tail-feathers the same, outer ones as in the 

 male ; middle of the belly white, rest of the under parts like the back, but 

 with more oehraceous-buft'. Winter plumage. — Lores llacTc, outer tail-feathers 

 as in summer, rest of the plumage white. W., 7'25 ; B. from N., '35 ; depth 

 of B. at N., -32. 



Bange. — "Arctic America in general, southeastward to the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence (Anticosti), except the northern extremity of the peninsula of 

 Labrador, and region thence northward, Greenland and Aleutian Islands " 

 (Bendire). 



j^est, usually placed among the dwarf brush or sedge-covered patches of 

 the tundras. Sggs, six to ten, pale cream or yellowish buff, sometimes with 

 a vinaceous-rufous suffusion, spotted and blotched with olove-brown or dark 

 claret-red, 1-65 x 1-18 (Bendire). 



" In its general manners and mode of living it is said to resemble 

 albus [ = i. lagopus], but does not retire so far into the wooded coun- 

 try in the winter " (B., B., and E.). 



S02a. L, r. reinhardti (Brehm). Greenland Ptarmigan. " Sum- 

 mer m,ale. — Similar to corresponding stage of Z. rupestris, but less regu- 

 larly and coarsely barred above. Summer fennale. — Above chiefly black, this 

 varied irregularly with pale grayish buff, mostly in form of borders to the 

 feathers and spots along their edges, or occasionally imperfect bars, these lat- 

 ter most distinct on wings, where the two colors are in about equal propor- 

 tion ; lower parts light grayish buff, everywhere coarsely barred with black " 

 (Eidgw.). 



Mange. — Northern parts of Labrador northward to Greenland. 



"They prefer -more open ground, and rarely straggle even into the 

 skirts of the wooded tracts. The hilltops and barrens (hence often 

 called the Barren Ground Bird) are their favorite resorts " (Turner). 



303. Iiagopus 'welchi Brewst. "Welch's Ptarmigan. Ad. S in 

 summer. — Upper parts black, the head and neck barred with white and ochra- 

 ceous-buflf, the back and wing-coverts finely and irregularly marked with 

 wavy lines of buffy and white ; tail grayish fuscous, the middle feathers 

 tipped with white ; throat white, foreneck like the hind neck, breast and 

 sides like the back ; rest of the under parts white. S .—Upper pai-ts black, 

 finely and irregularly barred with oohraoeous-buff, grayish, and white ; cen- 

 tral tail-feathers like the back, others fuscous; foreneck, breast, and sides 

 like the hind neck ; belly white. Winter plumage. — White, tail fuscous, the 

 central feathers tipped with white; lores llaek. W., 7-25; B. from N., -35; 

 depth ofB. atN"., -32. 



Bemarlcs.—'SXm species with X. rupestris is to be distinguished from 

 Lagopus lagopus by the oohraceous-buff instead of rufous markings, the fine 



