228 WOODPECKERS. 



uniformly white, and are placed in a hole, generally in a dead tree or 

 limb, hollowed out by the bird. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



I. No red on the head or nape. 



A. Enth-e under parts black. 



a. Wing about 10-00, bill ivory-white. 



392. Ivory-billed Woodpeokee 9 . 



B. Under parts white, witliout black spots or streaks. 



a. Wing under 4'00 ; outer tail-feathers barred with black. 



894 Downy Woodpeckeb 9 . 

 h. Wing over 4'00 ; outer tail-feathers white, without black bars. 



893. Haiey Woodpecker 9 . 

 898J. Southern Hairy Woodpecker 9 . 



C. Under parts with black spots, bars, or streaks. 



a. Back entirely black . . 400. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. 

 A. Back black and white. 

 Ji. Outer tail-feathers entirely white, crown yellow or spotted with 



white 401. Am. Three-toed Woodpecker. 



6'. Outer tail-feathers barred with black, no black patch on the 



breast, ear-coverts white . 895. Eed-cockaded Woodpecker 9 . 



J3. Outer tail-feathers black, with generally a narrow white margin ; 



rump white 406. Ked-headed Woodpecker 9 . 



bK Outer tail-feather.s black and white, a large black patch on the 



breast 402. Yellow-bellied Sapsdczer 9 . 



II. Whole top of the head red. 



A. Throat red. 



a. Primaries spotted with white, belly yellowish. 



402. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker i . 



b. Primaries black, rump and belly white. 



406. Eed-headed Woodpecker t . 



B. Throat white. 



a. Breast and belly black .... 405. Pileated Woodpecker t . 



b. Breast black or blackish, sides streaked, belly yellowish white. 



402. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 9 . 



c. Under parts tinged with red, without streaks or spots. 



409. Eed-bellied Woodpecker 4 . 

 III. Crown black, brown, or gray, a red band across the nape, a red crest on 

 the back of the head, or small patches of red on either side of the 

 nape. 



A. Under parts black, wing over 8-00. 



a. Bill ivory-white 392. Ivory-billed Woodpecker, s . 



b. Bill blackish 405. Pileated Woodpecker 9 . 



B. Under parts more or less spotted or streaked with black. 



a. A black patch on the breast, throat brown, rump white. 



412. Flicker. 



b. Head black, ear-coverts white, a few red feathers on either side of 

 the nape 395. Eed-cookaded Woodpecker & . 



