120 RECONNAISSANCE FROM CARROLL, MONTANA, 
to denuding influences, and the point where we stood was a narrow neck of land with a deep gulf 
opening below us to the south and southeast. 
From here to the summit, we were on the massive Carboniferous limestone containing corals 
and erinoidal plates, with here and there a Spirifera. The summit of the ridge attained here was 
considerably higher than that previously ascended, and was evidently as high as, or higher than, any 
neighboring point north or south. The aneroid barometer indicated that the height was in the 
neighborhood of 10,000 feet. The higher points of the summit were thickly covered with snow, on 
which were lying thousands of dead grasshoppers; and in many places we saw the tracks of the 
grizzly bears which had ascended the range to feed on these insects. 
The prospect from this point is exceedingly grand and extended. The ridge, as has been 
remarked, is, at its summit, extremely narrow, coming to a sharp knife-edge, and the view is unob- 
structed in all directions. Nearly north and south stretch the irregular summits of this rugged 
range, while on either side the eye sweeps over the open prairie till arrested by the mountains 
which rise above the plain. To the east, the Crazy Woman’s Mountains are most conspicuous; to 
the south, the ranges near the Yellowstone River; and westward, the rich Gallatin Valley extends 
to the “ Meeting of the Three Waters”; and far beyond were the Bitter Root Mountains. At the 
foot of the abrupt cliffs on which we stood was a little mountain lake, far below us, though seem- 
ingly at our very feet. With its deep-blue waters, it was prettily set off by the white limestone 
cliffs above and the dark pines inclosing it on the farther side. 
The following cut (fig. 10) will give some idea of the general trend of the summit of the range. 
The points lettered (A, B, ©, D) refer to the cuts which follow, showing roughly the dip of the 
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Fort Ellis. 
strata where indicated. No special importance is attached to these, except as showing the irreg- 
ularity which exists at different points. The younger rocks lie on the east side, the Carboniferous 
Fig. 11. 
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limestones form the summit, and the older rocks are on the west, with a reversed dip. We were 
unable to extend our observations below the summit, and hence have nothing to add in this relation 
to what is given in the reports already referred to. 
