J 



6 CANINE AND FELINE SURGERY. 



in a concentrated form and insufficiently diluted with air.i The 

 phonendoscope, an instrument devised particularly for listening 

 to chest sounds, is of great service in demonstrating these 



points. 



Remedial Measures and Antidotes. — In all cases where 

 general anjESthesia is practised antidotes should be placed 

 beforehand in a position where they can be obtained and 

 used at a moment's notice. 



Upon the first signs of danger at once tear off the mask and 

 remove all restraint ; carry the patient carefully into the fresh, 

 cool air, place in a horizontal position, lowering the head 

 slightly in such a way that the lumen of the trachea is not 

 at all lessened ; open the mouth, withdraw the tongue, either 

 with the fingers or forceps, continually pulling it forward in 

 a jerky manner ; apply some medicinal antidote and immedi- 

 ately commence artificial respiration. 



The latter can be done in several ways. We may copy the 

 method known in human practice as Sylvester's, which consists 

 in placing the patient on its back and slowly endeavouring to 

 imitate normal respiratory movements by extending the fore 

 limbs well over the head, and then pressing the elbows and 

 bent limbs against the sides of the thorax. 



A second, which appears to bring greater success in the dog 

 and cat, consists in laying the animal on the right side and 

 emptying the thorax by means of a number of short, sharp 

 efforts, the natural elasticity of the ribs causing the chest to 

 again expand. 



Whichever way is adopted, the mouth at the same time should 

 be held open and the tongue drawn well forward by short, sharp 

 jerks, in order to raise the larynx and allow as free a passage 

 as possible for the entrance and exit of air. 



A third method which will cause the lungs to be filled is per- 

 formed by taking hold of each elbow and jerking the body 



' "Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics," Vol. VIII., p. 287 ; Vol. XI., 

 p. 101. 



