x CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER XII. 
Valpazaiso—Excursion to the Foot of the Andes 
—Structure of the Land—Ascend the Bell of 
Quillota—Sh d Masses of G 
Immense Valleys—Mines—State-cf Miners 
—Santiago—Hot-baths of Cauquenes—Guld- 
mines—Grindiny -mills—Perforated Stones 
—Ilabits of the Puma—El Turco and Tapa- 
colo—Humming-birds ......seeeeeeee 202 
CHAPTER XIII. 
CHAPTER XVU. 
Galapagos Archipelago—The whole group vol 
fone oNuniber of eraters—Leafless bushes— 
Colony at Charles Island—James Island— 
Salt-lake in crater—Natural History of the 
group—Ornithology, curious finches—Rep 
tiles—Great tortoises, habits of—Marine li- 
zard, feeds on sea-weed—Terrestrial lizard, 
burrowing habits, herbivorous—Importance 
of reptiles in the Archipelago—Fish, shells, 
insects — Botany—American type of organi- 
zation—Diffe in the species or races on 
Chiloe—General Aspect—Boat E: 
Native Indians—Castro—Tame Fox—Ascend 
San Pedro—Chonos Archipelago—Peninsula 
of Tres Montes— Granitic ye — Boat- 
wrecked Sailors—Low’s Harbour—Wild Po- 
tato — Formation of Peat — Myopotamus, 
Otter and Mice—Cheucau and Barking-bird 
—Opetiorhynchus—Singular Character of Or- 
nithology—Petrels...ecessseceererece 213 
CHAPTER XIV. 
San Carlos, Chiloe—Osorno in eruption, con- 
temp ly with A and Cose- 
guina—Ride to Cucao—Impenetrable forests 
—Valdivia—Indians—Earthquake—Concep- 
cion—Great earthquake—Rocks fissured— 
Appearance of the former towns—The sea 
black and boiling—Direction of the vibra- 
tions—Stones twisted round—Great Wave— 
Permanent elevation of the land—Area of 
Icanie ph The ‘ion be- 
different islands—Tameness of the birds— 
Fear of man, an acquired instinct...... 372 
CHAPTER XVII. 
Pass through the Low Archipelago—Tahiti— 
Aspect— Vegetation on the Mountains—View 
of Eimeo—Excursion into the Interior—Pro- 
found Ravi S ion o fall 
Number of wild useful Plants—Temperance 
of the Inhabitants—Their moral state—Par- 
liament convened—New Zeal as Bay of 
Island. Hippahs—E ion to Waimate— 
Missionary Lstablist t—English Weeds 
now run wild—Waiomio—Funeral of a New 
Zealand Woman—Sail for Australia.... 402 
CHAPTER XIX. 
Sydney—E: ion to Bath Aspect of the 
Woods—Party of Natives—Gradual extine- 
tion of the Aborigines—Infection generated 
by associated men in health—Blue Moun- 
tween the elevatory and eruptive forces— 
Cause of earthquakes—Slow elevation of 
Mountain-chains ......scesseceeeeene 291 
CHAPTER XV. 
Valperaiso—Portillo pass—Sagacity of mules— 
Mountain torrents—Mines, how discovered 
—Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cor- 
dillera—Effect of snow on rocks —Geological 
structure of the two main ranges—Their dis- 
tinct origin and upheaval—Great subsidence 
—Ked snow—Winds—Pinnacles of snow— 
Dry and clear atmosphere—Electricity— 
Pam pas—Zoology of the opposite sides of the 
Andes — Locusts — Great bugs—Mendoza— 
Uspallata Pass—Silicified trees buried as 
they grew—Incas Bridge—Badness of the 
Pawes exaggerated — Cumbre — Casuchas— 
alparaiso ...cevecsecerensncsetecees 313 
CHAPTER XVI. 
Coast-road to Coquimbo—Great loads carried 
by the miners—Coquimbo—Larthquake— 
Step-formed terraces—Absence of recent de- 
posits Contemporeneousness of the Tertiary 
ormations—Excursion up the valiey—Road 
to Guasco—Deserts—Valley of Copiap6— 
Rain and earthquakes—Hydrophobia—The 
Despoblado—Indian Rui -Probable ch 
of climate—River-bed arched by an earth- 
quake—Cold gales of wind—Noises from a 
hill — Iquique — Salt alluvium — Nitrate of 
soda—Lima—Unhealthy country—Ruins of 
Callao, overthgown by an earth ike—R t 
tai View of the grand gulf-like Vaileys— 
Their origin and formation—Bathurst, gene- 
ral civility of the lower orders—State of So- 
ciety—Van Diemen’s Land—Hobart Town 
—Abdorigi: all banished—Mount Welling- 
ton—King George’s Sound—Cheerless aspect 
of the Country—Bald Head, calcareous casts 
of branches of trees—Party of Natives—Leave 
AMSG saresececescnnnaveswensxian 481 
CHAPTER XxX. 
Keeling Island—Singular appearance—Scanty 
Flora—Transport of Seeds— Birds and Insects 
— Ebbing and flowing Wells — Fields of 
dead Coral—Stones transported in the roots 
of trees— Great Crab — Stinging Corals — 
Coral-eating Fish—Coral Formations— La- 
goon Islands, or Atolls—Depth at which reef- 
building Corals can live—Vast Areas inter- 
spersed with low Coral Islands—Subsidence 
of their foundations—Barrier Reefs—Fring 
ing Reefs— Conversion of Fringing Reefs into 
Barrier Reefs, and into Atolls—Evidence of 
changes in Level—Breaches in Barrier Reefs 
—Maldiva Atolls; their peculiar structure— 
Dead and submerged Reefs—Areas of subsi- 
denceand elevation—Distribution.of Volcanos 
~—Subsidence slow, and vast in amount, .452 
CHAPTER XXI. 
Mauritius, beautiful appearance of—Great cra- 
teriform ring of Mountains—Hindoos—St, 
Helena—History of the changes in the vere. 
tation—Cause of the extinction of land-shells 
—Ascension—Variation in the imported ratg 
subsidence—Llevated shells on San Lorenzo, 
their decomposition—Plain with embedded 
shells and fragments of pottery—Antiquity 
of the Indian Race .....e..e08 oes 837 
—V bs—Beds of inft —Bahi 
——Brazil—Splendour of tropical scenery—Per. 
nambue ingular Reef—Slavery—Return 
to England—Retrospect on our voyage., 483 
INDEX... eee cceessestveues eeettreerees 507 
