1832.} BUTTERFLIES. 33 
this, however, as the entomologist is aware, is to some of our 
beetles a delightful fragrance. So was it here; for a Strongylus, 
attracted by the odour, alighted on the fungus as I carried it in 
my hand. We here see in two distant countries a similar rela- 
tion between plants and insects of the same families, though the 
species of both are different. When man is the agent in intro- 
ducing into a country a new species, this relation is often 
broken: as one instance of this I may mention, that the leaves 
of the cabbages and lettuces, which in England afford food to 
such a multitude of slugs and caterpillars, in the gardens near 
Rio are untouched. 
During our stay at Brazil I made a large collection of insects. 
A few general observations on the comparative importance of 
the different orders may be interesting to the English entomolo- 
gist. The large and brilliantly-coloured Lepidoptera bespeak 
the zone they inhabit, far more plainly than any other race of 
animals. JI allude only to the butterflies ; for the moths, con- 
trary to what might have been expected from the rankness of the 
vegetation, certainly appeared in much fewer numbers than in 
our own temperate regions. JI was much surprised at the 
pabits of Papilio feronia. This butterfly is not uncommon, and 
generally frequents the orange-groves. Although a high flier, 
yet it very frequently alights on the trunks of trees. On these 
occasions its head is invariably placed downwards ; and its wings 
are expanded in a horizontal plane, instead of being folded verti- 
cally, as is commonly the case. This is the only butterfly which 
I have ever seen, that uses its legs for running. Not being 
aware of this fact, the insect, more than once, as I cautiously 
approached with my forceps, shuffled on one side just as the in- 
strument was on the point of closing, and thus escaped. But a 
far more singular fact is the power which this species possesses 
of making a noise.* Several times when a pair, probably male 
* Mr. Doubleday has lately described (before the Entomological Society, 
March 8rd, 1845) a peculiar structure in the wings of this butterfly, which 
seems to be the means of its making its noise. He says, “ It is remarkable 
for having a sort of drum at the base of the fore wings, between the costal 
nervure and the subcostal. These two nervures, moreover, have a peculiar 
screw-like diaphragm or vessel in the interior.” I find in Langsdorff’s 
travels (in the years 1805-7, p. 74) it is said, that in the island of St. Cathe- 
rine’s on the coast of Brazil, a butterfly called Februa Hoffmanseggi, makes 
a noise, whén flying away, like a rattle. 
