1833. | ARRIVE AT RIO NEGRO. 68 
CHAPTER IV. 
Rio Negru—Estancias attacked by the Indians—Salt Lakes—Flamingoes— 
R. Negro to R. Colorado—Sacred Tree—Patagonian Hare—Indian Families 
—General Rosas—Proceed to Bahia Blanca—Sand Dunes—Negro Lieu- 
tenant—Bahia Blanca—Saline Incrustations—Punta Alta—Zorillo. 
RIO NEGRO TO BAHIA BLANCA. 
July 24th, 1833.—The Beagle sailed from Maldonado, and on 
August the 3rd she arrived off the mouth of the Rio Negro, 
This is the principal river on the whole line of coast between 
the Strait of Magellan and the Plata. It enters the sea about 
three hundred miles south of the estuary of the Plata. About 
fifty years ago, under the old Spanish government, a small colony 
was established here; and it is still the most southern position 
(lat. 41°) on this eastern coast of America, inhabited by civilized 
man. 
The country near the mouth of the river is wretched in the 
extreme: on the south side a long line of perpendicular cliffs 
commences, which exposes a section of the geological nature of 
the country. The strata are of sandstone, and one layer was re- 
markable from being composed of a firmly-cemented conglome- 
rate of pumice pebbles, which must have travelled more than 
four hundred miles, from the Andes. The surface is every- 
where covered up by a thick bed of gravel, which extends far 
and wide over the open plain. Water is extremely scarce, and, 
where found, is almost invariably brackish. The vegetation is 
scantf® and although there aye bushes of many kinds, all are 
armed with formidable thorns, which seem to warn the stranger 
not to enter on these inhospitable regions. 
The settlement is situated eighteen miles up the river. The 
road follows the foot of the sloping cliff, which forms the north- 
ern boundary of the great valley, in which the Rio Negro flows. 
On the way we passed the ruins of some fine “ estancias,” which 
a few years since had been destroyed by the Indians. They with- 
4 
