418 NEW ZEALAND. (cuap. XVIII. 
In the afternoon we went on shore to one of the larger groups 
of houses, which yet hardly deserves the title of a village. Its 
name is Pahia: it is the residence of the missionaries; and there 
are no native residents except servants and labourers. In the 
vicinity of the Bay of Islands, the number of Englishmen, in- 
cluding their families, amounts to between two and three hun- 
dred. All the’ cottages, many of which are white-washed and 
look very neat, are the property of the English. The hovels 
of the natives are so diminutive and paltry, that they can scarcely 
be perceived from a distance. At Pahia, it was quite pleasing 
to behold the English flowers in the gardens before the houses ; 
there were roses of several kinds, honeysuckle, jasmine, stocks, 
and whole hedges of sweetbriar. 
December 22nd.—In the morning I went out walking; but I 
soon found that the country was very impracticable. All the 
hills are thickly covered with tall fern, together with a low bush 
which grows like a cypress; and very little ground has been 
cleared or cultivated. I then tried the sea-beach; but, proceed- 
ing towards either hand, my walk was soon stopped by salt- 
water creeks and deep brooks. The communication between the 
inhabitants of the different parts of the bay, is (as in Chiloe) 
almost entirely kept up by boats. I was surprised to find that 
almost every hill which I ascended, had been at some former time 
more or less fortified. The summits were cut into steps or suc- 
cessive terraces, and frequently they had been protected by deep 
trenches. JI afterwards observed that the principal hills inland 
in like manner showed an artificial outline. These are the Pas, 
so frequently mentioned by Captain Cook under the name of 
« hippah ;” the difference of sound being owing to the prefixed 
article. 
That the Pas had formerly been much used, was evident from 
the piles of shells, and the pits in which, as I was informed, sweet 
potatoes used to be kept as a reserve. -As there was no water on 
these hills, the defenders could never have anticipated a long 
siege, but only a hurried attack for plunder, against which the 
successive terraces would have afforded good protection. The 
general introduction of fire-arms has changed the whole system 
of warfare; and an exposed situation on the top of a hili is now 
worse than useless. ‘I'he Pas in consequence are, at the present 
