viii INTRODUCTION 



For somewhat more than a quarter of a century this 

 small collection has achieved its object so effectively that 

 I have attempted to embody the idea it demonstrates in a 

 series of drawings which have been admirably executed by 

 Mr. Edmund Sawyer. As foundation plates or 'collec- 

 tions,' we have first two 'cases' of the winter land birds of 

 the Northeastern States, or from about Maryland north- 

 ward, containing the Permanent Residents, which form 

 part of the bird-life of every month of the year, and the 

 Winter Visitants, or those birds which come from the 

 North in the fall to remain with us until the following 

 spring. 



Cases 3 and 4 contain the Permanent Resident and 

 Winter Visitant land birds of the Southern States. 

 Whether the student is in the North or in the South he has, 

 therefore, a 'collection' of the land birds which he may 

 expect to find during the winter months. 



Cases s to 8 contain the migrants arranged according to 

 the order of their arrival from the South n the vicinity of 

 New York City. Since it is not practicable to have cases 

 containing collections of migrants for other latitudes, data 

 are given showing what changes in dates should be made 

 to adapt the schedule presented to other localities, includ- 

 ing Washington, D. C, Ossining, N. Y., Cambridge, Mass., 

 northern Ohio, Glen Ellyn, near Chicago, and south- 

 eastern Minnesota. The records for these localities are 

 quoted from the author's 'Handbook of Birds of Eastern 

 North America' to which they were contributed respec- 

 tively by Dr. C. W. Richmond, Dr. A. K. Fisher, William 

 Brewster, Lynds Jones, B. T. Gault, and Dr. Thos. S. 

 Roberts. 



With these facts, the cases in a large measure tell their 

 own story, just as does our Museum Seasonal Collection; 

 but further to assist the student I have added what may 

 he termed a 'label' for each of the 'specimens' they 



