THE ANIMAL MIND 



pretty cone-shaped forms that she carves out of the 

 wild apple and thorn trees, but she does this quite 

 unwittingly through her taste for the young shoots 

 of these trees. It is like her engineering skUl La lay- 

 ing out paths, quite inevitable from the nature of 

 her wants and activities. 



Man is the only inventive and tool-using animal, 

 because he alone has the faculty of reason, and can 

 see the end of a thing before the beginning. With 

 his mind's eye he sees a world hidden from the 

 lower orders. There are hints of this gift in the 

 lower orders, hints of reason, of language, of tool- 

 using, and the like, but hints only. 



The cries and calls of animals must have preceded 

 human speech, but who can measure the gulf be- 

 tween them? Man must have had animal emotions 

 — fear, hunger, joy, love, hate — long before he 

 had ideas. His gift of language and his gift of ideas 

 must have grown together, and mutually reacted 

 upon one another. Without language could he 

 possess ideas, or possess ideas without language? 

 Which was first? 



An animal's use of signals — warning signals and 

 recognition signals, if this is the true significance of 

 some of their markings — is as unwitting as the 

 flower's use of its perfume or its colors to attract 

 insects. The deer flashes its shield to its foe as well 

 as to its fellow. 



How convincing it is that a monkey has no power 

 129 



