30 FOREST TREES. 
low temperature, and it is desirable that the plants 
should be growing well before hot dry weather occurs. 
The ground should be kept free from weeds, and fre- 
quently stirred between the drills during the summer. 
Such kinds of trees as make a growth of nine inches 
or more the first season, should be carefully taken up 
in the fall, their long roots shortened for convenience 
in replanting, and heeled in or buried, to be planted 
in spring where they are to remain. The labor of 
replanting is much less than when they are larger, 
and they are likely to make finer trees. Those which 
make but little growth the first year, may be left two 
or three years in the seed-bed. When this is done, 
they should be covered during the winter to prevent 
their being drawn out by the frost. A light covering 
of straw or coarse manure will answer the purpose. 
After the young trees are planted where they are 
finally to remain, they should receive such cultivation 
as is bestowed upon a crop of corn. In ploughing 
among them, a short whiffletree, eighteen or twenty 
inches long, should be used to avoid injuring the trees. 
Weeds should be kept down in the autumn, as they 
afford shelter to mice. In November the rows should 
be ridged, which is done by turning a furrow against 
the trees on each side with a light plough. If one- 
half of the stems of the trees is covered, so much the 
better. Especially is this necessary the first season 
and upon level land. There is less danger that the 
plants will be drawn out by frost; water cannot col- 
lect around them in winter, and the ravages of mice 
are prevented. The ridges may easily be leveled 
