32 FOREST TREES. 
pactly around the lower part and leaving only an 
inch or two above ground. They are then to be 
cared for like seedlings. 
Other modes of propagating forest trees—by layers, 
grafting, budding, etc., are employed by nurserymen 
and amateurs; but they would be of so little practical 
use to the great majority of those who may engage 
in forest culture, that their consideration here will 
be omitted. 
