70 FOREST TREES. 
inner bark, forming parallel or slightly diverging 
tracks, separating the bark from the wood. The cir- 
culation of the sap is prevented and the tree conse- 
quently dies. The ravages of this insect com- 
menced in the vicinity of Princeton, about fourteen 
years since, and appear likely to continue while any 
trees remain to operate upon. 
The Bitternut Hickory is one of the least desira- 
ble species for propagation. ‘The inferiority of its 
timber and its liability to destruction by insects are 
sufficient to discourage its culture. 
Carya microcarpa, another species, grows in some 
parts of the Atlantic States, but I am unacquainted 
with it, and do not know that itis found in the West- 
ern country. 
CASTANEA—CHESTNUT. 
Natural Order, Cupulifere. 
Sterile flowers clustered near the ends of the 
branches in long, naked cylindrical catkins; fertile 
flowers at the base of the sterile; two or three together 
in an ovoid, scaly, prickly involucre; nuts, coria- 
ceous, ovoid, enclosed two or three together, or soli- 
tary in the hard coriaceous and very prickly involu- 
cre; cotyledons, very thick; somewhat plaited, coher- 
ing together; remaining underground in germination. 
The Chestnut is found from Maine to Michigan 
and Kentucky, but is a stranger to the States of 
Wisconsin and Illinois; and I think has never been 
found west of the Mississippi. It is said most to 
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