94 FOREST TREES: 
receive some protection the first winter. This 
may be done by ridging, as directed in the chapter 
on Propagation, and covering lightly with some kind 
of litter. After the first winter they need no pro- 
tection. For planting, seed grown in the Northern 
States is to be preferred to that from more southern 
latitudes. 
The Chestnut does not transplant well when more 
than five or six feet high, even if previously trans- 
planted or root-pruned. When it is desirable to 
remove larger trees, it is best to cut them off at the 
surface of the ground immediately after planting, 
and allow sprouts to grow from the stump. In this 
way a finer tree may be obtained than from the 
original stem in case it survived, which would be a 
matter of great uncertainty. When planted for the 
production of fruit, the trees should be placed not 
less than fifteen or twenty feet apart. If it be an 
object to save seeds in planting for timber, they may 
be placed eight feet apart, and the intermediate 
spaces planted with corn or potatoes for two years, 
and afterwards filled with Silver Maple, or some other 
tree easily propagated, to be cut out as the Chestnuts 
increase in size. 
Castanea pumila—Chincapin. 
Leaves, oblong, acute, serrate, with pointed teeth; 
whitened, downy underneath; nut, solitary, not 
flattened. 
The Chincapin, which is really the Chestnut on a 
smaller scale, is not found further north than Penn- 
