88 FOREST TREES. 
who propose to engage in tree planting cannot be 
too soon in taking measures to meet it. 
The American species of Ash are dicecious, that 
is, the fertile and barren flowers are on different 
trees. Seed is produced by White Ash trees which 
grow in open ground. The seed is ripe by the first 
of October, and falls with the first sharp frosts. If 
sown in the fall, it should be thinly covered with 
earth, and straw or litter laid over it to prevent it 
from being washed out by heavy rains. The litter 
must be taken off in spring. If to be sown in spring, 
it should be mixed with moderately damp sand. If 
kept dry through the winter, it is not likely to 
vegetate. The White Ash bears transplanting well, 
even when of considerable size. It is a handsome 
ornamental tree, and is rarely attacked by insects. 
The only exception I know of is the May-bug 
(Lachnostema fusca), which sometimes devours the 
leaves early in the summer. 
2. Fraxinus quadrangulata—Blue Ash. 
Branchlets, square, glabrous; leaflets, seven to 
nine, short-stalked, oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, 
pointed, sharply serrate, green both sides; fruit, 
narrowly-oblong, blunt, and of the same width at 
both ends, or slightly narrowed at the base. 
The Blue Ash is not found in the Atlantic States, 
and in the valley of the Mississippi grows principally 
upon the river bottoms. It seems to prefer the richest 
soils. dt is common on the waters of the Illinois 
river as far north as Bureau County, beyond which it 
