98 FOREST TREES. 
1. JUGLANS—WALNUT. 
Natural Order, Juglandace. 
Sterile flowers, in simple catkins; calyx, three to 
six-cleft; fertile flowers, solitary, or several together 
on a peduncle, at the end of the branches; calyx, 
four-toothed; petals, four; fruit, with a fibrous, 
fleshy covering, and a mostly rough, irregularly fur- 
rowed nut-shell. 
Juglans cinerea—Butternut. 
Leaflets, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, rounded at 
the base, downy, especially underneath; the petioles 
and branchlets downy, with clammy hairs; fruit, 
oblong, clammy, pointed, the nut deeply sculptured, 
and rough with ragged ridges. 
The Butternut is common throughout the north- 
ern half of the United States, east of the Rocky 
Mountains, and seems to attain its greatest develop- 
ment in cold climates. I have seen larger Butternut 
trees in New England than I ever met with in the 
Valley of the Mississippi. In the Western States it 
is found principally on the river bottoms. It seldom 
exceeds fifty or sixty feet in height, and two or three 
feet in diameter. When grown in open ground, the 
trunk branches at a small height, and forms a wide- 
spreading head. The wood is of a light brown color, 
fine grained, rather soft, and easily worked. Although 
less valuable than the Black Walnut, its uses are suffi- 
ciently varied and important to render its cultivation 
an object of consequence. It is easily raised from the 
