138 FOREST TREES. 
uate; cup turbinate; acorn nearly round, or de- 
pressed-globular. 
The Black Oak is found in most parts of the 
United States, both east and west of the Alleghanies. 
It flourishes in poorer soils than the White Oak, but 
is not unfrequently found growing in company with 
it. Itis one of the largest and loftiest of the Oak 
family, being sometimes eighty or ninety feet in 
height, and four or five feet in diameter. It is the 
only kind of Oak growing on the barren sand ridges 
in the neighborhood of marshes in some parts of 
Illinois. 
The wood is coarse grained, but possesses consider- 
able strength and durability, and is more esteemed 
than any of the species hereafter mentioned, except 
the Live Oak. The inner bark, called quercitron, is 
much used for dyeing. The bark is also used for 
tanning, and the wood is excellent fuel. 
This, and the species hereafter described, ripen their 
fruit biennially. With one or two exceptions, the 
quality of their timber is inferior to that of those 
species which perfect their fruit in one year. 
% Quercus coccinea—Scarlet Oak. 
Leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply sinuate- 
lobed, with broad and open sinuses, smooth and shiny 
both sides, the lobes divergent, toothed; acorn, ovoid 
or globular, one-half to three-fourths of an inch 
long. 
This is a large and lofty tree, the foliage and fruit 
of which considerably resemble those of the Black 
