FOREST TREES. “155 
avenues, parks, and in the streets of towns and vil- 
lages. It is long-lived, of rapid growth, and endures 
the dust and smoke of large towns better than most 
other trees. Growing in the forest, it often reaches 
the height of eighty or one hundred feet; but its 
beauty and gracefulness are never fully developed 
when crowded among other trees. 
The White Elm is most commonly found along 
the banks of rivers, and in moist and substantial 
soils. It will, however, thrive in dry land, but not 
in that which is very sterile. The wood is employed 
for the naves of wheels, the panels of carriages, and 
various other purposes; but as it is not durable, and 
warps badly when sawed into lumber, it is little 
esteemed, and seldom used when better timber can 
be obtained. Its cultivation can be recommended 
only for ornamental purposes. 
_ 2 Ulmus racemosa—Corky White Elm. 
Leaves, nearly as in the preceding; bud scales, 
downy-ciliate and somewhat pubescent, as are the 
young branchlets; branches often with corky ridges ; 
flowers, racemed. 
This species, which greatly resembles the White 
Elm, like that becomes a large tree, and is frequently 
confounded with it. It grows principally in the 
neighborhood of streams, and is sometimes called 
River Elm. The wood is tougher and finer grained 
than that of the White Elm. It is most readily dis- 
tinguished by the corky ridges on the branches. 
