FOREST TREES. 217 
shield-shaped, scale-like filaments, bearing two to 
four anther cells, under the lower margin; fertile 
catkins, globular, of shield-shaped scales in four 
ranks, bearing several erect, bottle-shaped ovules; 
cone, globular, firmly closed, but opening at matu- 
rity; the scales thick and woody, pointed or bossed 
in the middle; the narrowly winged seeds attached — 
to their contracted base or stalk; cotyledons, two 
or three. 
Cupressus thyoides— White Cedar. 
Leaves, very small, ovate with a small gland on the 
back, closely imbricated in four rows on the two- 
edged branchlets; anther cells, two under each scale. 
The White Cedar is found in swamps near the sea: 
coast from Massachusetts to Florida, but appears to 
be unknown in the interior, the tree bearing that 
name in western New York and Wisconsin being 
the Arbor Vite (Thuja occidentalis.) It rises with 
a straight trunk seventy or eighty feet, and when 
grown closely is destitute of branches for three- 
fourths of its height. The wood is light, easily 
worked, and exceedingly durable. It is preferred to 
any other for the manufacture of woodenware for 
household use; and shingles made from it are more 
highly valued than any other. 
Whether or not this tree could be successfully 
grown for timber in other localities than its native 
swamps, is a question which I am unable to decide. 
It is rarely advertised in nursery catalogues, although 
it appears to have stronger claims to notice as an 
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