220 FOREST TREES, 
rich loam of the Western prairies it is sometimes com- 
pletely killed even when ten or twelve feet high. As 
an ornamental hedge it is not desirable. After a few 
years it becomes thin at the base, and ragged and 
unsightly in appearance. 
If sown when ripe the seed will seldom vegetate 
until the second year. The berries should be mixed 
with an equal quantity of sand, buried in the earth 
and allowed to remain one year. If then sown, most 
of it will germinate, although a part will sometimes 
not appear till the following year. The plants require 
protection from the sun when they first come up. 
Young plants are brought from Tennessee and other 
places in the South, but as far as my observation 
has extended, they are less hardy than those of 
Northern origin. 
Where the Red Cedar springs up naturally, its 
growth should be encouraged; but other trees of 
equal value can be grown in artificial plantations with 
so much greater facility that there is little reason to 
anticipate its extensive culture for timber. 
2 Juniperus communis—Common Juniper. 
Leaves, in threes, Inear, awl-shaped, prickly pointed, 
spreading, bright green except the glaucous-white 
upper surface. 
The Common Juniper is a native both of America 
and the Eastern Continent, growing principally in 
northern latitudes. In America it is rarely if ever 
found in any other form than that of a prostrate 
straggling shrub, but some of the European varieties 
