TOWNSHIP DESCRIPTIONS. 71 



the stands. All ages between 50 and 200 years are represented. At the higher 

 elevations subalpine fir and spruce constitute the forest. On the rocky slopes of 

 Boulder Canyon red fir, mostly of short, limby growth, is abundant. 



Cutting. — Tie cutters of the Northern Pacific Railroad cut and culled 50 per 

 cent of the timber in the valley in 1882-83, since which time miners have cut an 

 additional 10 or 15 per cent. 



Bums. — The eastern portion of the valley has experienced severe and exten- 

 sive burns in the last twenty years. The western has very nearly escaped. 



Rep7'oduction. — Restocking of the burned-over areas is as yet slow and deficient. 

 Most of the forest in the bottoms of the canyons and on the lowest slopes outside of 

 Boulder Valley is composed of fully stocked stands, and the young growth in 

 these localities is scanty. 



Undergrowth. — The growth is light and consists chiefly of huckleberry and 

 Ceanothv^. 



Litter. — There is a very large amount of dead and fallen timber throughout 

 the forest — partly unconsiimed debris from former fires, partly trees killed by 

 crowding. 



Humus. — A thin layer of moss and decaying pine needles covers the forest 

 floor in most of the older stands, especially in the canyons on the west side of 

 Boulder River. In other localities humus is lacking. 



Classification of lands m T. 6 S., R. 1^ E. 



Acres 



Forested 12,540 



Nonf orested 1 0, 500 



Badly burned 3, 000 



Logged 1 , 500 



Agricultural None. 



Grazing 2, 500 



Bare rocks 5,000 



Total stand of timber in T. 6 S., R. m E. 



Species. 



Mill timber. 



Pole and fuel 

 timber. 



Total volume of 

 all timber. 



Lodgepole pine 



White-bark pine . . . 



Red fir 



Subalpine fir 



Engelmann spruce . 



Total 



Feei B. M. 

 16, 000, 000 



6, 000, 000 



32, 000, 000 



Cubic/eet. 



15, 000, 000 

 2, 000, 000 

 8, 000, 000 

 5, 000, 000 

 5, 000, 000 



35, 000, 000 



Oubicfeet. 

 17,880,000 

 2, 000, 000 

 9, 080, 000 

 5, 000, 000 

 6, 800, 000 



40, 760, 000 



