LIVINGSTON QUADRANGLE. 



139 



The supply of mill timber in the forest is small. Most of the stands arc 

 composed of pole growths less than' 130 years old, at which age the lodgepole pine, 

 the chief timber tree, has not attained sufficient diametrical dimensions to become 

 available for mill purposes, except in very favorable localities. Most of the timber 

 is fit only for fuel, fencing, and other purposes where pole timber can be utilized. 

 The mill timber throughout is of 3-inch grade, and on an average will not square 

 over 10.25 inches. Most of the timber in the quadrangle grows in localities difficult 

 of access; not over 10 per cent is so situated that it can be reached without entailing 

 expenses almost equal to the present value of the product. 



The amount of timber standing in the district is shown in the appended table: 



Total stand of timber in the lAvingston quadrangle, Montana. 



Species. 



Limber pine 



Lodgepole pine 



White pine 



White-bark pine 



Yellow pine 



Red fir 



Subalpine fir 



Engelmann spruce 



Aspen and cottonwocl 



Total 



Mill timber. 



Feet B. M. 



5, 000, 000 

 427, 000, 000 



3, 500, 000 

 15, 050, 000 



3, 000, 000 

 177, 100, 000 



3, 000, 000 

 806, 000, 000 



939, 650, 000 



Pole and fuel 

 timber. 



Cuhicfeet. 



16, 380, 000 



636, 100, 000 



300, 000 



77, 050, 000 



5, 000, 000 



220, 350, 000 



93, 200, 000 



221, 450, 000 



2, 000, 000 



1,271,830,000 



Total volume of 

 all timber. 



Cubic feet. 



17, 280, 000 



712, 960, 000 



930, 000 



79, 759, 000 



5, 540, 000 



252, 228, 000 



93, 740, 000 



276, 530, 000 



2, 000, 000- 



1, 440, 967, 000 



The tracts more or less logged and culled comprise in the aggregate 8.5,000 acres. 

 They are situated on the eastern slopes of Gallatin and Bridger ranges, in the foot- 

 hills in the Boulder River drainage, in the eastern and southern edges of the Absaroka 

 ranges, and on the 16wer slopes of Crazy Mountains. Most of the cutting has 

 been for fuel and fencing material. Lesser amounts have been taken to furnish 

 ties for railroad construction and for props in the coal mines on the eastern slopes 

 of Gallatin Range. 



Forest reproduction is good throughout the middle zone and in the higher por- 

 tions of the lowest of the timber zones. It is deficient in the subalpine forest; that 

 is, the restockage is not sufficient to reoccupy the areas which in the course of 

 centuries have been denuded by fire. Lodgepole pine is the dominant species in 

 the reforestations in the young growth and in the older stands at middle elevations. 



Extensive forest fires have ravaged the timber within recent years. In the 

 aggregate 90,000 acres have been laid waste. The fires have been more extensive in 

 the Absaroka Range than elsewhere, and in all places where they have run through 



