Horticultural Implements, Appliances, etc. 263 



Here the main supports are strong posts. French gardens are 

 usually surrounded by walls, and in establishing a system of trellis- 

 ing for growing the choicer pears it is considered wise to stretch an 

 occasional wire from the trellis to the adjoining walls or from one 

 trellis to another. Thus if a whole square is devoted to galvanized 

 trellises for pears — at say nine feet high, and at from fifteen to twenty 

 feet apart, the intermediate space being cropped, the trellises in addi- 

 tion to being individually well supported, afford each other a mutual 

 support by means of strongish wires running across all the lines of 

 trellising, say at thirty feet apart. This is shown by the line G, in 

 Fig. 80. At the bottom run rows of horizontal cordon apples of 

 the most important kinds. The posts are placed closer apart in 

 erecting the trellises than when the trees are "abandoned" to the 

 vicissitudes of the weather. 



B B shows the support for the temporary protection, F F j gal- 

 vanized wires ate run through about the points E and D, while 

 the lines H H, descending at long intervals, are fixed firmly to stones 

 in the ground and to the little iron posts, L L. Neat straw mats 

 are generally fixed on tlie top of these, the mats being made so 

 neatly and firmly that no untidiness is observed. For the English 

 garden, however, tarpaulin on cheap light frames would be better. 

 I describe this more for what it suggests than anything else. Some 

 like arrangement is badly wanted with us, and need not be difficult 

 to contrive. By having a few lines of choice apples trained on the 

 low-cordon system at each side, and two good rows of pear trees, 

 a great deal of valuable fruit could be protected at the same time 

 by making some arrangement whereby the whole could be covered 

 with cheap canvas. 



Coping for Walls. — Having several times spoken of the deep 

 copings the careful French cultivator uses for his fruit wall, I here 

 give a rough figure showing a section of the tile-coped wall, and 

 projecting from beneath the coping the iron rod which serves as a 

 support for the temporary coping. The artist has omitted to show 

 the rod slightly turned up at the end. The French take a good 



