THE GOLDFISH AND ITS CULTURE. 83 
protection from enemies and preventing caving in. The flow of 
water is to enter at one end, traverse the length of the pond, and 
leave at the opposite extremity. The dimensions of the winter 
quarters need not be very large, as during the winter season, fish in 
a natural state, pass that time in a semi-torpid condition, eat no food, 
and are not revived until they get the warmth of the sun in early 
spring. 
A compartment of four (4) feet by eight (8), and of the above 
depth, will carry about fifty fish of eight to ten inches in length 
safely through the winter. 
Where it can be done, the fish may be wintered over in a green 
house cistern, or in aquaria where they may be under close observa- 
tion, and at the same time be of some ornamental value. If in the 
open air, the winter-pond is, of course, to be covered with wire 
netting to keep out the various birds and animals that would prey 
upon them; it is also well to protect the greater part of the top with 
boards, keeping out as much snow as possible. 
