444 NESTS AND EQGS OF 



in the month of May, 1878. The birds were found invariably in cedar timber. Four 

 nests were discovered, all of which were similar in construction, being built in the 

 forks of perpendicular limbs of the Jiiniperus virginiana, from ten to eighteen feet 

 from the ground. They were composed of the inner bark of this tree interwoven 

 with spider webs, in color resembling the bark of the tree in which they were built, 

 making them difficult to detect. The interior is lined with hair and_ feathers. The 

 nest resembles the average nest of the Black-throated Green Warbler, but is larger. 

 Mr. G. B. Benners met with this species breeding in Comal county, Texas, in April, 

 1884. The nests were placed in cedars from five to ten feet above the ground and 

 similar in materials and construction to those found by Mr. Werner, being neatly 

 and compactly built. The cavity of a typical nest measures about 1.50 to 1.60 across 

 by 1.50 to 2.00 Inches deep. The eggs are four, rarely five in number. The eggs have a 

 ground-color of creamy-white, with a slight gloss, speckled and spotted with shades 

 of red and brown that vary from a cinnamon-rufous to burnt umber. Some eggs 

 have specks of lilac-gray. The measurements of three eggs taken by Mr. Werner 

 are given as .75x.57, .77x.56, .76x.58 inches. 



667. BLACK-THROATED GBBEN WABBLEB. Dendroica virens (Gmel.) 

 ' Geog. Dist. — Eastern North America, west to the Great Plains, breeding from North- 

 ern United States northward. In winter, south through Eastern Mexico and Central 

 America to Panama; also to the West Indies. Casual in Greenland. 



The Black-throated Green Warbler breeds from the Northern United States 

 northward — wherever there are tracts of coniferous trees the bird is almost sure to 

 be found during the breeding season, which is generally in the latter part of May 

 or in June. Throughout the pine regions of New England it is an abundant species. 

 Breeds in New York, Michigan and it is also stated to breed in Northern Illinois. 

 A few pairs are said to remain during the summer months in Northern Ohio. The 

 nest of this Warbler is placed in the fork of a horizontal bough of a coniferous tree, 

 usually at a considerable height — thirty to fifty feet, but frequently as low down as 

 fifteen or even five feet above the ground. Mr. L. C. Holmes, of Standish, Maine, 

 states that all the nests he has found were in low, scrubby firs. The typical nest is a 

 compact, well-woven fabric made of thin bark strips, twigs, dry grasses, wool and 

 feathers, lined with hair and vegetable down. The eggs are four in number, and 

 have a ground-color which ranges from white to buffy or creamy-white. The mark- 

 ings are speclfs and spots of cinnamon-rufous, chestnut, and lilac-gray, forming in- 

 distinct wreaths about the large ends. The average measurement of four single 

 eggs is .61x.50 inches. 



668. TOWWSEND'S WABBLEB. Dendroica tovmsendi (Towns.) Geog. 

 Dist. — Western North America (but chiefly near the Pacific coast), north to Sitka, 

 east during the migrations to the Rocky Mountain region; south in winter to North- 

 ern Central America. 



Townsend's Warbler is well known as a Pacific coast species. It inhabits the 

 pine regions, nesting similar to D. virens in coniferous trees. The eggs are described 

 as huffy- white, speckled and spotted with reddish-brown, blackish and lilac-gray; 

 average size, .64x.53 inches. 



669. HERMIT WABBLEB. Dendroica occidentalis (Towns.) Geog. Dist.— 

 Western United States chiefly near the Pacific coast, east during migrations to the 

 Rocky Mountains; south in winter to Northern Central" America. 



