FEEN 321 



placed in a saturated solution of picric acid for six or 

 eight hours, washed for a few minutes in thirty per 

 cent, alcohol, and then hardened in the various grades 

 of alcohol. In addition to the plants the student will 

 need the compound microscope, hand-lens, forceps, ra- 

 zor, dissecting-needles, watch-glass, scalpel, ten per cent, 

 hydrochloric acid, dilute glycerine, Schulze's solution, 

 Schulze's macerating mixture, acetic acid carmine, hse- 

 matoxylin, picric acid, alcohol lamp, pith, and fifty per 

 cent, alcohol. 



Method of Examination. — Living plants should first 

 be studied in their various relations to their surround- 

 ings. Dried specimens are good for the study of the 

 gross anatomy, especially of the frond. Alcoholic mate- 

 rial should be examined in fifty per cent, alcohol. The 

 rhizome and fronds should be sectioned in various direc- 

 tions, and the disposition of the different tissues studied. 

 Sections for microscopic examination are also needed. 

 Material preserved in strong alcohol must be soaked 

 one to four hours in seventy-five per cent, alcohol be- 

 fore sections are cut. 



MOEPHOLOGT 



A. — Tlie Spore-hearing or Asexual Plant. 

 Nalied-eye Characters, 

 a. General appearance. — Study a well-developed spec- 

 imen as it grows in the soil, and note that the 

 aerial portion consists mainly of long -stalked 

 leaves, the fronds. On their upper portions the 

 stem or racMs of each frond bears lateral out- 

 growths or appendages, the pinnae, resembling 

 leaflets. Each pinna is subdivided into smaller 

 portions, the pinnules. On the back of the pin- 

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