OEDEE OF PACHYDEEMATA. 155 



^ The genera of Rhinoccrotidw differ remarkably in the conforma- 

 tion of the lips. In Rhinoceroses (as limited by Dr. Gray, i.e., to 

 the two One-horned species) the upper lip is prehensile, extensible, 

 and pointed, while the lower lip is very broad and square ; in the 

 Asiatic Cemtorhians, and in the African Rhinoster, the upper lip 

 is similarly formed, and the lower lip corresponds with it, though 

 without having a pointed and prehensile tip ; and in Ceratotherium 

 both lips are broad and non-prehensile. Those Ehinoceroses 

 which have the upper lip prehensile are habitual browsers, while 

 the flat-Hpped are habitual grazers. In the African Rhinoceroses 

 there are no lower incisor-teeth, and the grinders come much 

 more forward, or nearer to the cleft of the mouth. They further 

 agree in bearing two horns, one situated behind the other, and in 

 having no distinct folds or plaits to the hide ; though in Rhinoster 

 we perceive the same crease near the hind limbs as in Cerafo- 

 rhians, and there is a slight appearance of folds upon the neck. 

 Their skin is smooth and hairless, excepting only a fringe of 

 black bristly hairs upon the ears, and a few also at the tail-tip. 

 Such are the known African Rhinoceroses, which divide, never- 

 theless, into two well-marked genera — Rhinoster (with prehensile 

 upper lip), and Ceratotherium (with non - prehensile upper lip). 

 These are respectively known to sporting travellers as the Black 

 and the White African Rhinoceroses, which differ much in habits 

 and disposition ; and the White one is the largest of the whole 

 group, being next in size among existing land animals to the 

 Elephants. 



Rhinoster. — This is the name applied by the peojjle of Dutch 

 descent in South Africa to all Rhinoceroses, though now techni- 

 cally limited by Dr. Gray to one section of them ; and there are 

 certainly two species of this particular section or genus, one of 

 which, R. lieitloa, is considerably larger than the other, R. hi- 

 cornis, and exhibits certain other differences. In general, these two 

 animals are the Keitloa (or Khetloa) and the Borele of travellers 

 in the interior of South Africa ; but Mr. Chapman styles the 

 first the true Borele, and calls the other the Borelengani or Kenin- 

 gani. The former is the one figured and described by the late Sir 

 C. CornwaHis Harris as the " Black Rhinoceros," and the latter 

 is that of which a living example, procured in Abyssinia, was 

 received in the London Zoological Gardens in 1868. Both species, 



