190 



MAMMALIA. 



short, their outward appearance generally, without noticing the 

 different breeds, which must soon occupy our attention. But 

 before we enter upon the study of the various equine races, it is 

 necessary to give a short explanation as to the way in which the 

 bit regulates the paces of the Horse. By this we are led to speak of 

 the construction of the mouth, a knowledge of which is most useful. 



The Horse either walks, trots, gallops, or ambles. 



The paces of the Horse are essentialljr modified by means both 

 of the bit and spur. The spur excites a quickness of movement ; 

 the bit communicates to this laovement a due amount of precision. 

 The mouth of the Horse is so sensitive that the least movement or 

 the slightest impression which it receives warns and regulates 

 the motion of the animal. But to preserve the full delicacy of 

 this organ, it is highly necessary to treat tenderly its extreme 

 sensibilitj\ 



The position of the teeth in the jaw of the Horse affords to Man 

 the facility which exists of placing a bit in its mouth, by which 

 instrument this high-spirited and vigorous animal is broken in and 

 guided. Let us, therefore, in the first place, study the arrange- 

 ment of its mouth. 



There are in each jaw six incisors, or fore-teeth, followed on 

 either side by a tush, which is generally deficient in mares, espe- 

 cially in the lower jaw. Next comes a series of six grinders on 



a Incisors. 



Fig. 47.— Dentition of the Adult Horse. 

 ~b Tuslies or Canines. — c Interval called the bai-. — d Molars. 



each side in both jaws ; these teeth have a square cro-s^Ti, marked 

 with four crescents, formed by the laminw of enamel which are 

 embedded on them. Between the tushes and the grinders there is 

 a considerable space called the har, which corresponds to the angle 

 of the lips ; and it is in this interval that the bit is placed. 



