196 MAMMALIA. 



whip, and spur, in tlie hands of an adult, were useless to force 

 them into subjection. 



By the suitability of its motive powers, the Horse is adapted to 

 two different uses : firstly the saddle, when it carries a rider, 

 either as a means of travelling, or for purposes of war, pleasure, or 

 salutary exercise; secondly, for draught, when it draws burdens 

 of various kinds. Again, there are distinctions between the 

 Carriage-horse, the Heavy Draught-horse, and the Light Draught- 

 horse. 



The Saddle-horse must possess elegance and activity in all its 

 movements. It must pay immediate obedience to the will of its 

 rider, communicated to it by means of the reins. 



The Carriage-horse, used in the vehicles of the rich, either alone 

 or in a pair, should combine size, strength, and elegance. It is, 

 therefore, in fact, nothing but a larger saddle-horse endowed with 

 a more considerable bulk in all its parts. 



The Draught-horse is deficient in features of nobility and dis- 

 tinction that characterise the previous mentioned. Its shape is 

 more massive, and a little clumsy ; the neck is shorter and thicker, 

 while the coat is composed of rougher hair. 



If we take an animal of average size and weight, with easy 

 paces, combined with energy of temperament, that is able to 

 continue a trot while drawing a heavj^ burden, we have the type 

 of a Light Draught-horse. This is the stamp of animal used for 

 jDOsting, coach-work, and artillery. 



The Heavy Draught-horse is endowed with immense muscular 

 develoiDment. Its back is wide and short, so as to resist the 

 violent shocks to which it may be subject. Its chest is deep and 

 voluminous, and its limbs and joints are in proportion to the size 

 of the body. 



Having considered the four types which are adapted by their 

 conformation for special economic functions, we wiU now glance 

 at the various races of the Horse family. 



Following M. Sanson, author of an excellent work on the 

 Applications de let Zootcchnie, we shall divide them into two great 

 classes, that of Thorough-bred or Blood Horses, and those of ordi- 

 nary or common Horses. 



Honour to whom honour is due ; we will therefore commence 

 our account of the former class by speaking of the Arabian Horse. 



