2T8 MAMMAXIA. 



haYe bred in France. The frequenters of the Jardin des Plantes, 

 in Paris, must be perfectly acquainted with it. For the sake of 

 their long silky hair, hopes are entertained of acclimatising 

 them. 



The Jungle Ox, or Jungly-Gau {Bos sylhetanus, F. Cuvier),' 

 very strongly resembles the Common Ox; but its horns are 

 flattened from front to back, and tend outwards and upwards. 

 Its colour is generally blackish, with four white legs. These 

 Oxen are reared in a domestic state in the mountainous countries 

 of the north-east of India. 



The Common Buffalo [Bos huhalus, Briss.) appears to be a 

 native of the warm and damp parts of India and the neigh- 

 bouring isles, from whence it has spread into Persia, Arabia, 

 the south of Africa, Greece, and Italy. It is nearly the same 

 size as an Ox. Its bulging forehead, which is longer than it is 

 wide, bears two black horns, turned outwards, and marked in 

 front by a longitudinal and prominent ridge. Its coat is coarse 

 and scant, except on its throat and cheeks, and it has a very 

 small dew-lap. It lives in numerous herds in marshy and low 

 plains, where it delights in wallowing. It is of a wild and 

 untractable disposition, particularly towards strangers ; and, in 

 order to make use even of those which are the tamest, the more 

 perfectly to control them, a ring of iron is passed through their 

 nostrils. Their flesh is indifferent, but their milk is good. In the 

 cultivation of rice — that cereal particularly requiring moist land 

 — their services are most valuable, for their power of draught, even 

 when immersed to the knees in mud, far exceeds aU. other animals 

 in a similar situation. In the Campagna of Pome the Buffalo is 

 employed in agricultural labour, as may be seen in the cele- 

 brated picture of " The Reapers," by Leopold Robert. 



In the Crimea they are also utilised ; those who served with the 

 allied army before Sebastopol will remember them. 



The introduction of the Buffalo into Greece and Italy only 

 dates from the Middle Ages. Their skin is excellent for making 

 armour to guard against cutting weapons. 



The Arna, or Wild Buffalo, must be considered as a variety of 

 this species. Its horns are very large, about five feet long, 

 wrinkled on their concave side, and flat in front. It is princi- 

 pally found in Hindostan. 



