OEDEE OF CAENIVOEA. 403 



and that it cannot be tamed ; but in this he is wrong. For 

 Cuvier relates the history of a "Wolf that lived in the mena- 

 gerie of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, which, after being reared 

 by a person who had to leave to proceed abroad, displayed 

 more passionate affection for its master than the most devoted 

 Dog could have shown. And this is not a single, "isolated ex- 

 ample. When it is taken sufficiently young, to our knowledge 

 it can be trained to hunt for its master's benefit. 



Among the varieties of the common AVolf, it is necessary to 

 mention the Black Wolf, which more particularly inhabits the 

 North of Europe, and is only exceptionally found in Franco ; 

 the Black Wolves of the northern Himalayas ; the Dusky Well", 

 and the Prairie Wolf, which lives in troops on the immense 

 plains of North America ; the Ped Wolf, which leads a solitary 

 life on the pampas of La Plata and in the savannahs of Texas 

 and Mexico ; lastly, tlie Mexican Wolf, or Cayotte, and the 

 Java Wolf. In the glacial regions of the two continents. White 

 Wolves are found. 



Between the Dog, properly so-called, the Wolf, and the Jackal, 

 the physical difi'erences are so trifling, that it may be asked if 

 these three types of Carnivora are not simply three varieties 

 of the same species, instead of constituting three distinct species 

 as the majority of naturalists maintain. Certainly, there is 

 a wider difference between some breeds of Dogs and others — 

 between the Mastiff and the King Charles, than there is between 

 the Mastiff and the Wolf. And, nevertheless, the Mastifi' and 

 Kino- Charles are considered as varieties of the Dog species, 

 while this degree of relationship is refused to the Mastiff, Wolf, 

 and Jackal. It therefore happens that the naturalists are reduced, 

 in order to characterise the domestic Dog, to the assertion that 

 it has the tail more or less curved, a peculiarity exclusively 

 belono-ing to this animal. But not only is this distinction puerile; 

 but in many cases it is false, for tame Wolves have been seen 

 o-ivino- way to the influence of example, and becoming accus- 

 tomed to carry their tails en tronrpetfe, like the Dogs, while many 

 Dogs carry their tails straight. In Pointers and Setters, for 

 instance, nothing is so imsightly, or a greater mark of bad 

 breeding, than a curled tail. 



If it is admitted that the Jackal, Wolf, and Dog, are three races 



1) T) 2 



