128 ROSE FAMILT. 



15. CRAT^GUS, HAWTHOKN, WHITE THORN. (Old Greek 

 name.) Small trees or shrubs, with hard wood; flowers white, except in 

 some varieties of English Hawthorn, in spring or early summer ; ripening the 

 red or reddish fruit mostly in autumn. 



§ 1. Flowers many in the corymb, small., with 5 styles ; fruit not larger than small 

 peas, scarlet or coral-red : leaves, ^c, smooth or nearly so. 



C. Pyrae^ntha, Eveeoreeu Thorn. Planted for ornament and spar- 

 ingly nat. from S. Penn. S. (from S. Europe) : shnib 4° - 6°, with the shining 

 evergreen leaves lance-spatulatc and crenulate, only 1' long, and small clusters 

 of flowers terminating short branches. 



C. spathul^ta. Tall shrub or low tree, from Virginia S., with almost 

 evergreen shining spatulate leaves, crenate towards the apex, or on vigorous 

 shoots cut-lobed, and with hardly any petiole. 



C. cord^ta, Washington T. Small tree, from Virg. and Kentucky S., 

 and has been planted for hedges ; has broadly triangular-ovate or heart-shaped 

 thinnish leaves, often 3 - 5-elcft or cut and serrate, on slender petiole. 



§ 2. Flowers many in the corymb, middle-sized : fruit coral-red, ovoid, rather small. 



C. arbordscens. River-banks far S. ; tree with few stout thorns or none, 

 thin oblong serrate leaves acute at both ends, on slender petioles ; styles 5. 



C. Oxyac4ntha, English Hawthorn. Planted from Eu. for orna- 

 ment and hedges ; tree or shrub with obovate smooth leaves wedge-shaped at 

 base, cut-lobed and toothed above; styles 2 or 3, rarely only 1. With single or 

 double, white, rose, or pink-red flowers. 



C. apiifolia, Parsley-leaved T. Common S. Small tree soft-downy 

 when young ; the leaves smoothish with age, pinnatifid, the 5-7 lobes crowded, 

 cut and toothed ; petioles slender ; styles 1-3. 



§ 3. Flowers many in the corymb, large ; the calyx-teeth with the bracts and 

 stipules ofien beset with glands : fruit edible, half an inch or more long, its 

 ceUs or stones and the styles variable in number, 1-5. All tali shrubs or 

 low trees, of thickets and rocky banks, or planted. 



C. COCCinea, Scarlet-fkuited T. Smooth, with the leaves thin, round- 

 ish-ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobed, on slender petioles, the coral or scarlet 

 fruit much smaller than in the next and hardly eatable. 



C. toment6sa, Peak or Black T. Downy or soft-hairy when young ; 

 the leaves thickish, oval, ovate, or obovate, sharply toothed or cut, below ab- 

 ruptly narrowed into a margined petiole, the upper surface impressed along the 

 main veins or ribs ; flowers often 1' broad, and scarlet or orange fruit from two 

 thirds to three fourths of an inch long, pleasant-tasted. Of many varieties : the 

 two which differ most from the common one with the well-flavored fruit are ; 

 Var. PUNCTATA, with smaller and wcdgc-obovate leaves irregularly toothed 

 towards the summit, and dull red and yellowish fruit, sometimes white-dotted. 

 Var. m6llis, of the Western States, with rounded soft-downy leaves, not taper- 

 ing but sometimes even heart-shaped at base, sharply doubly toothed and cut ; 

 fruit dull red and less pleasant-tasted. 



C. Cru.S-g41Ii, CocKSPuu T. Smooth ; the wedge-obovate or oblanceo- 

 late leaves thick and firm, doep-green and glossy, serrate above the middle, ta- 

 pering into a very short petiole ; thorns very long and sharp ; fruit bright red. 

 The best species for hedges : has both narrow and broad-Ieavcd varieties. 



§ 4. Flowers solitary, in pairs, or only 3-6 in the corymb ; styles, and cetts, 

 4 - 5 ; leaves mostly pubesdent underneath : fruit often eatable. 



C sestivdilis, Summer Haw of S. States. Along pine-barren ponds, 

 from S. Car. S. & W. : tree with spatulate or wedge-obovate coriaceous leaves, 

 crenate above the middle, no glands, 3 - 5-flowered peduncles, and large red 

 juicy fruit, pleasantly acid, used for tarts, &c. : ripe in summer. 



C. fldiVa, Yellow or Summer Haw. Sandy soil, from Virginia S. : 

 small tree, with wedge-obovate leaves downy or smoothish, toothed or cut above 

 the middle, the teeth or margins and snort pet.oie glandular j the pear-shaped 

 or globular fruit yellowish, greenish, or tinged with red. 



