SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 131 



enclosing numerous pistils which ripen into akenes. Cotyledons 

 rolled up frora one margin. Flowers rather large, mostly aromatic, 

 as is the wood also. 



1. CALYCANTHUS. Flowers livid-purple or dull red, solitary in the axils or 



terminating leafy branches^ with loose bracts passing to colored lanceolate 

 sepals, and these into similar thickish petals, which are borne on tlie sum- 

 mit of the closed calyx-tube: within these are numerous short stamens; the 

 outer 12 or more having anthers ending in a tip; the inner smaller and witii 

 ■ imperfect anthers or none. Pistils enclosed in the fleshy cup; ovary with 2 



ovules ; styles slender. Akenes oval, coriaceous, enclgsed in tlie leathery hip, 

 which becomes about 2' long. 



2. CHIJIONANTHUS. Flowers yellow and purplish, along naked shoots, sessile 



in axils of fallen leaves. Bracts and sepals scale-like, ovate, purplish or 

 brownish. Petals honey-yellow, or the innermost red. Stamens with an- 

 thers only 6. 



1. CALYCANTHUS, CAROLINA ALLSPICE or SWEET-SCENT- 

 ED SHRUB. (Name from Greek tor cup and flower.) All wild in U. S., 

 and cult., especially the first, which has the more fragrant strawberry-scented 

 blossoms. 1 1. spring and all summer. 



C. florldus. Wild S. of Virginia in rich woods.: leaves soft-downy be- 

 neath, 1'- 3' long, oval or oblong. 



C. IsevigktllS. Wild from S. Penn. S. : smooth and green, with oval or 

 oblong leaves l'-3' long, and rather small flowers (1^' across). 



C. glatlCUS. Wild from Virginia S. : like the foregoing, but with mostly 

 larger and taper-pointed leaves, glaucous beneath. 



C. OCCidentWs, Western C. Cult, from California : smooth, with 

 ovate or ovate-oblong and slightly heai-t-shapcd larger leaves (.5' -6' long), 

 green both sides, the upper surface roughish ; the brick-red flowers 3' across, 

 scentless ; akenes hairy. 



2. CHIMONANTHITS, JAPAN ALLSPICE. (Name in Greek means 

 winter-floiver ; it flowers in the winter in a mild temperate climate. ) 



C. fragrans. Shrub with long branches, which may be strained like a 

 climber, smooth lance-ovate pointed leaves, and rather small fragrant flowers, 

 hardy S. of Penn. ' 



40. SAXIFRAGACE.ffiI, SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 



A large family not readily defined by any single characters ; 

 distinguished generally from Rosaceaa by having albumen in the 

 seed.s, ovaries partly or wholly united, and seldom any stipules ; 

 the, herbs and most of the shrubs of the family have only as many 

 or twice as many stamens, and fewer styles or stigmas, than there 

 are petals or sepals. Flowers mostly perfect. — Besides the plants 

 described, there may be met with in choice conservatories : 



Cun6nia CIpensis, a small tree froni Cape of Good Hope, with 

 opposite odd-pinnate leaves and a large stipule between their peti- 

 oles on each side : 



Bauera RUBioiDES, from Australia, a slender bushy shrub, with 

 opposite leaves of 3 almost sessile naiTow leaflets, looking like 6 

 ' simple le,aves in a whorl, and pretty rose-colored widely open flow- 

 ers in their axils. 



I. Shrubs, with simple leaves (includes plants which have been 

 ranked in two or three different families). None of the following 

 have stipules, except Ribes. Seeds numerous. 



