174 MADDEK FAMILY. 



4. MITCHELL A. Flowers in pairs at the end of branches, the two ovaries united 

 ,into one, which in fruit forms a 2-eyed scarlet berry. Corolla densely white- 

 bearded inside, white or purplish-tinged outside. Style 1: stigmas 4, slender. 

 Seeds, or rather little stones, 4 to each of the two flowers. Stipules small, 

 not fringed. 



* « Shrubs or small trees : lobes of the corolla overlapping in ike bud. 



6. CEPHALANTHUS. Flowers many and small, crowded in a close round head 

 raised on a peduncle. Calyx 4-tOothed. Corolla tubular with 4 very short 

 lobes. Stamens 4. Style long and much protruded, tipped with a capitate 

 stigma. Fruit small, dry and hard, inversely pyraiqidal, at length splitting 

 into 2 or 4 closed one-seeded portions. '* ' ' ■' 



6. C0FFE.4. Flowers in small clusters in the axils of the leaves. Calyx 4-5- 



toothed. Corolla with a short tube and 4 or 6 spreading Jobes of about the 

 same length. Stamens 4 or 6, with linear-oblong anthers. Style bearing 

 2 slender stigmas. Ovary 2-celled, becoming a small berry, containing 2 hard 

 plano-convex seeds with a groove down the face {co£'6e), enclosed iu a loose 

 . parchment-like hull. 



§ 2. Several or many ovules and seeds in each cell of{ke ovary andjruit. 

 * Shrubs or low trees, all except the first exotic house-plants. 



7. PINCKNEYA. Flowers in a terminal, compound cyme.. Calyx vrith 6 lobes, 



4 of them small and lanceolate, the fifth oftei) transformed into a large bright 

 rose-colored leaf! Corolla hairy, with a slender tube and oblong-linear 

 recurving lobes. Stainens S, protruding. Fniit a globular 2-celled pod, filled 

 with, very many thin-winged seeds. 



8. GARDENIA. Flowers solitary at the end of the branches or nearly so, large, 



very fragrant. Calyx with" 5 or mors somewhat leaf-like lobes. Corolla 

 funnelTShaped or salver-shaped, ivith 5 or more spreading Jobes convolute in 

 the 'bud, and as many linear antlicrs sessile in its throat. Style 1 : stigma 

 of 2 thick lobes. Fruit fleshy, surmounted by the calyx-lobes, ribbed down 

 the sides, many-seeded. 

 9., BOUVARDIA. 'Flowers in clustefs at the end of the branches. Calyx with 

 4 slender lobes. Corolla with a long and slender or somewhatjirumpet-shaped 

 tube, and 4 short spreading lobesj valvate in the bud. Anthers 4, almost 

 sessile injthe throat. Style 1:, stigma of 2 fl*t lips. Pod small, globular,, 

 2-celled. Seeds wing-margined.' 



# « iowj, native herbs. 



10. HOUSTONIA. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, the 4 lobes valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 : stigmas 2. Pod short, 2-celled, the upper part 

 rising more or less free from the 4-lobed calyx, opening across the top, and 

 ripening rather few saucer-skajjed or thimbel-shaped pitted seeds in each cell. 

 Stjpujes short and entire, sometimes a mare margin connecting the bases of 

 the opposite leaves. 



1. RtjBIA, MADDER. (Kiiuo from Latin ru5cr, red, alludes to the red 

 roots, which furnish the well-known red dye. ) 



B. tinetdria, Commou or Dyees' M. Cult, from En. for the red roots 

 branching from the ground, 1° -2° high, with angles of the stems and edges of 

 tho lanco-oblong or oblanceplate leaves (mostly in sixes) very rough : flowers 

 greenish, in summer ; berry black, y. 



2. GALIUM, BEDSTEAW or CLEAVERS. (Name from Greek for 

 milk, which somo species in Europe were used to curdle.) Fl. summer 

 The following all' ^vild species. Several have a red Toot like that of 

 Madder. 



§ 1. Fruit a black berry, like that of Madder: but the, parts of the white flower 

 are oiili/. i. Qnbj in Southern Slates, in dri/ sandij soil, ^ 



G. hispidulum. Spreading stems 10-2° long; leaves in fours i' or 

 less m length, lance-ovate ; peduncle 1 -3-flowered ; berry roughish 

 1^ '"^^^^'"^- Smooth, slender, 1° high; leaves linoai-; flowers mostly 



