COMPOSITE FAMILT. 183 



less leafy. Pappus of many slender and roughish bristles, surrounded at bass 

 by a little cup or crown, consisting of manylittle scales or short stiff bristles 

 more or less united. Heads solitary terminating leafy stems or branches, 

 large and broad. Leaves sessile, coarsely toothed. Root annual. 



S6. ASTER. Ray-flowers more or less numerous in one row. Involucre in)brioated 

 Pappus of very numerous slender rongliish bristles ; no cup or crown' of 

 short bristles outside. Heads usually panicled or corymbed. Root usually 

 perennial. 



37. EEIGERON. Ray-flowers numerous, narrow, and commonly occupying more 

 than one row. Involucre more simple than in Aster, the scales narrower, 

 appressed, mostly of equal length and occupying only one or two rows, with- 

 -out any leaf-like tips; and the pappus more scanty, often some minute short 

 aiid sometimes chaJT-like bristles at the base of the long ones. 



« # Pappus not of long hair-like bristles, either a little cup w crotoiij or of a fexo 

 scales, teeth, awns, <}c., or none at all. 



4- No chaff on the receptacle nmrwjr the flowers, except in 41 - 43 and some cultivated 

 and altered forms of ii. Leaves mostly alternate. 



++ Ahenesflat : rays pistillate, not yellouf, at least in our species. 



88. BOLTONIA. Flowers resembling those of 36 and 37. Receptacle conical or 



hemispherical. Akenes very flat, obovate or obcordate with a callous margin 

 or wing! pappus of several minute and short bristles, and commonly 2 or 3 

 short awns. Leafy-stemmed, tall, branching herbs, with pale-green thickish 

 and chieflv entire leaves often turned edgewise. 



89. BE ACHYCOME. Flowers like those of 86 or 37. Receptacle conical. Akenes 



flat, wingless : pappus a ring of minute short bristles or narrow scales united 

 into a short crown. 



40. BELLIS. Heads with numerous white, reddish, or purple rays. Receptacle 



high conical. Akenes flat, obovate, wingless: no pappus. , Low herbs, with 

 solitarypeduncled heads, and, oiitire or merely toothed leaves. 



41. ACHILLEA. Heads mostly with few and white (rarely rose-red or yellow) 



rays. Receptacle small, flattish, chafiy. Akenes oblong, margined: no 

 pappus. 



++ ^-^ Akenes not flat, nor boat-shaped: pappus a short crown or none : rays pistillate 

 and fertile except in 42. 



42. MARUTA. E.ays neutral, white ; otherwise almost exactly as in the next. 



43. ANTHEMIS. Rays pistillate and fertile, numerous, white or sometimes yellow. 



Involucre of many small close-pressed scales. Receptacle convex, with some 

 slender chaff, at least at the centre. Akenes terete, mpstly ribbed. Leaves 

 once to thrice pihnatelv divided. 



44. CHRYSANTHEMUM, including LEUCANTHEMUM and PYRETHBUM. 



Rays pistillate and fertile, mimerous. Receptacle convex or flat, without 

 chaff, except in some . double-flowered varieties. Disk-flowers mosfly with a 

 flattened tube. Pappus none. Otherwise nearly as in Anthemis. 



++ 4.+ ++ Akenes fop-shaped or oblong, not flattened nor incurved: pappus of Z- 10 

 ■conspicuous ihin chaffy scales uHth midrib more or less extended into a bristle 

 or aum ; rays in one row, not very numerous, wedge-shaped, 3 - b-cleft 0)* lobed, 

 yelloio or partly reddiih or brownisli-purple, never uihite : inwlucre of separate 

 scales. 



45. HELENIUM. Bays pistillate. Involucre of a few small and narrow spreading . 



or reflexed scales. Receptacle globular or conical. Heads mostly corymbed. 

 (Akene and pappus. Lessons, p. 130, flg. 294.) 



46. GAILLARDIA. Kays neutral, often partycolored. Involucre of two or more 



rovys of loose leafy-tipped scales. Receptacle convex. Disk-flowers often 

 purple : the styles with very slender hispid branches. Heads solitary on slen- 

 der terminal peduncles. 



++++++++ Akenes short, not incurved^ covered with extremely -long soft-silky hairs 

 {which must not be corifounded with pappus), hiding the mimiie pfippus of many 

 delicate little scales: rays numerous ill one row, neutral, yellow with dark- 

 colored i>poi at base, nearly entire : involucre of 2 or 3 rows of short scales 

 uTiited in a cup. 



47. GAZANIA. Head solitary on a long terminal peduncle, large and showy, tho 



rays expanding only in sunshine or bright daylight. Receptacle fiat.. Disk- 

 flowers yellow : their style abruptly thickened below the two short brancheii. 



