COMPOSITE FAMILY. 203 



coarsely toothed leaflets, outer involucre much longer than the head, nnd wcclgc- 

 obovate akcnea ciliate with upturned bristles, and 2-awne(l. 



B. conn&ta, Swaivip B. Low grounds; smooth, l°-2° high, with simple 

 lanceolate and taper-pointed leaves, or the lower 3-divided and decurrcnt on the 

 petiole, smaller heads, narrow wedge-shajjed akenes minutely and downwardly 

 ciliate and bearing about 3 awns. 



* * Lmv smooth herbs, with showy golden ydlmo rays V long, 



B. cbrysanthemoides, Larger Bur-Maeigold. Shallow water or 

 wet places, 6' -30' high, with simple lanceolate sessile serrate leaves, outer 

 involucre shorter than the rays, and wedge-shaped akenes with almost prickly 

 downwardly barbed margins and 2-4 awns. 



§ 2. Akenes linear or needle-sliaped. 



B. B^ckii, Water B. Immersed in water, N. and W., the single short- 

 peduncled heads rising above the surface, and with showy rays ; leaves cut into 

 very numerous fine hair-like divisions ; awns of the stout akenes 4-6, barbed 

 near the tip. 



B. bipinn&ta. Dry soil, from Conn, to 111. and S., 1° - 3° high, branched, 

 with 1 - 3-pinnately parted pctioled leaves, ovate-lanceolate leaflets, small heads, 

 short pale-yellow rays, and slender akenes with 3-4 barbed awns. 



54. ACTINOMERIS. (Greek-made name, alluding to the irregularity 

 of the rays in the commonest species.) y. 



A. squarrpsa, common in low rich soil from W. New York S. & W. ; with 

 branching stems 4° - 8° high, lance-oblong leaves tapering to both ends, nu- 

 merous rather corymbed heads, spreading involucre, 4-10 irregular rays, and 

 broadly .winged akenes : fl. Sept. 



A. aelianthpldes, in open grounds "W. & S., resembles a Sunflower as 

 the name denotes; 1° - 3° high, with more hairy lance-ovatc sessile leaves, few 

 and larger heads, erect involucre, 8-15 regular rays, and slightly winged 

 akenes ; fl. summer. 



55. VERBESINA, CROWNBEARD. (Origin of name obscure.) Ours 

 are tall (.4° -7° high) branching herbs in rich soil, with compound corymbs 

 of small heads : fl. summer. % 



V. Siegesb^ckia, from S. Penn. to 111. & S., ha8.4-winged stems, smooth- 

 ish, large and thin ovate and opposite leaves pointed at both ends, yellow flow- 

 ers, and wingless akenes. 



V. Virginica, of same range, has stem, less winged, smaller lance-bvate alter- 

 nate leaves soft-downy beneath, white flowers, and narrowly winged akenes, 



56. XIMIKESIA. (Namedfor J'. X™mes, a Spanish apothecary.) 



X. encelioldes, of Texas and Mexico, and cult, for ornament, 2° high, 

 spreading, rather hoary, at least the lower face of the oblong or heart-shaped 

 clasping serrate loaves ; the bright yellow heads somewhat corymbed, showy, 

 the rays deeply 3-toothed : fl. all summer. (I) 



67. HELIANTHUS, SUNFLOWER (which the name means in Greek). 

 The following are the commonest of the numerous species, many of which are 

 difficult. 



§ 1. ® Receptacle flat and very broad : disk brownish : leaves alternate, hrond 

 and, tripk-riUted, petioled :,fi. summer. Cult, for ornament : wild only far 

 S. W. : fl, all summer. 

 H. ^nnuus, the Great Common Sunflower of the gardens, with huge 

 beads ; leaves green, roughish, not hoary. 



H. argoph^Uus, of Texas, cult, for its hoary-white foliage ; heads smaller. 

 § 2. ^ Seceplacle and disk convex : heads middle-sized or rather small : flower- 

 ing throughout late summer and autumn. 



