COMPOSITE FAMILX. 203 



59. BUDB:6cKIA, CONE-FLO wee. (Named for iJudVci, father and 

 son, Swedish botanists.) The following arc the commonest species, all 

 natives of this country : fl. summer. 



§ 1. Disk broadly conical, dark-colored, the soji chaff not pointed: rough-hairy 

 plants 1° - 2° high, leafy below, the naked summit of the stems or branches 

 ■ bearing single showy heads : leaves siitiple. y. 

 B. speciosa, from Penn. W. & S., and cult, in some gardens : leaves lan- 

 ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, 3 - 5-nerved, petioled, coarsely 

 toothed or cut. 



B. hirta, common in open ground W. & S., introduced into meadows E. 

 with clover-seed ; stems stout and mostly simple ; leaves nearly entire, triple- 

 ribbed, oblong-lanceolate or the lowest spatulate, the upper sessile. 



§ 2. Disk conical, dark-purple, t!w chaff awn-pointed : lowerjeaves ojien pinnately 

 parted or 3-cleft. ® it,'. 



B. triloba, from Penn. to HI. & S. ; hairy, 2° - 5° high, miicTi branched, 

 with upper leaves lance-ovate and toothed, and the riumerous small heads with 

 only about 8 rays. 



§ 3. Disk globular, pale dull brownish (recq)tacle sweet-scented), the chaff blunt 

 and downy at the end ; lower haves 3-parted. y. 



B. BUbtomentbsa, of the prairies and plains W. ; somewhat downy, With 

 leafy stems 3° - 5° high, ovate or lance-ovate serrate upper leaves and short- 

 peduncled heads. 



§ 4. Disk oblong, or ill fruit cylindrical and V long, greenish yellow, the chaff very 

 blunt and downy at the end: leaves all compound or cleft, y. 



B. lacinidita, Common Cone-Flower, in low thickets; 3° -7° high, 

 smooth, branching above ; lowest leaves pinnate with 5-7 cut or cleft leaflets, 

 upper ones 3 - 5-parted, or the uppermost undivided ; heads long-pedunoled, 

 with linear drooping rays l'-2' long. 



60. LEPACHTS. (Supposed to be formed from Greek words for thick 

 Bjii scale.) Receptacle anise-scented when crushed. PI. summer. 



L. pinnata, in dry soil from W. New York W. & S. : mihiitelj' roughish 

 and slightly hoary ; the slender leafy stems 3° - 5° high, bearing leaves of 3 - 7 

 lanceolate leaflets, and somewhat corymbed heads with the oval or oblong disk 

 much shorter than the oblong drooping yellow rays ; akenes scarcely 2-toothed, 

 flattish, the inner edge hardly wing-margined. 1}. 



li. COlumnaris, of the plains W'. of the Mississippi ; cult, for ornament ; 

 1° - 2° high, with single or few long-peduncled heads, their cylindrical disk often 

 becoming 2' long, and longer than the 5-8 broad drooping rays, these either 

 yellow, orvar. puloheerima, with the base or lower half brown-purple; akenes 

 1 - 2-toothed at top and winged down one edge. % 



61. BBACOFIS. (Name refers in some obscure way to a Dragon.) (T) 



D. amjilexicatllis, wild far S. W., sometimes cult, for ornament ; smooth, 

 l°-2° high, with clasping heart-shaped pale leaves, and long-peduncled heads, 

 like those of the preceding, the broad rays mostly shorter than, the cylindrical 

 disk, and either yellow or the lower part brown-purple. 



62. ECHINACEA, HEDGEHOG CONE-PLOWER. (Name means like 

 a AcdycAoy, viz. receptacle with prickly pointed chaff.) PI. summer. ^ 



E. purpiirea, in prairies and open grounds from W. Penn. W. & S. : 

 stems l°-2° high from a thick and black pungent-tasted root (called Black 

 Sampson by quack-doctors), bearing ovate or lanceolate 5-nerved and veiny 

 leaves, the lower long-petioled, and terminated by a large head; rays 15-20, 

 dull rose-purple. 



E. angUStifblia, from Wisconsin S., is a more slender form, with narrow 

 lanceolate 3-uerved entire leaves, and 12 - 15 brighter-colored rays. 



