OAK FAMILT. 303 



downy beneath, pale and rough above, sinuately 5 - 7-lobed, the lobes divergent 

 and rounded, the upper pair larger and sometimes 1 - 3-notched ; naked cup 

 deep saucer-shaped, half or one third the length of the small acorn. 



Q. macroc^pa, Bdk-Oak, Ovkr-cup or Mossy-cup White Oak. 

 Middle-sized tree in fertile soil, commonest W. : with obovate or oblong lyrately 

 pinnatifid leaves, of various shape, pale or downy beneath, smooth above ; 

 cup deep, thick and woody, from hardly 1' to 2' in diameter, covered with hard 

 and thick pointed scales, the upper ones tapering into bristly points, making a 

 mossy-fringed border; acorn I'-lJ' long, half or wholly covered by the cup. 



Q. lyrata, Souxhebn OvEKcnp Oak. Large tree in river-syramps, from 

 N. Car. S. & W. : leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets.obovate-oblong, 

 with 7-9 triangular and entire acute lobes, glossy above, whitish-downy be- 

 neath; cup sessile, globular, rough with rugged scales, almost covering the 

 globular nut. 



» « Chestnut-Oaks, with toothed or sinuate leaves, not lobed except slightlij in 

 the first species, white or whitish downy beneath : cap hdary, about half the 

 length of the Morig-ovoid edible acorn. > 



Q. bicolor, Swamp White Oak. Low grounds, chiefly N. & W. : tall 

 tree, with leaves intermediate between the White and the Chestnut Oaks, being 

 more or less obovate and sinuate-toothed, or some of them nearly pinnatifid, 

 hoary with soft down beneath, wedgCrshaped at base, the main veins only 6-8 

 pairs and not prominent ; peduncle in fruit longer than the petiole ; cup often 

 mossy-fringed at the margin ; acorn hardly V long. 



Q. Frmus, Chestnut Oak. The leading form is Swamp Chestnut 

 Oak, in low grounds mainly S. ; with obovate or oblong leaves wavy-toothed 

 and minutely downy beneath, the main veins 10-16 pairs and prominent be- 

 neath ; fruit-bearing peduncle short ; the thick cup ^' — 1 ' wide, tubercled with the 

 thick scales ; acorn 1' or less long. — Var. MONif cola. Rock Chestnut Oak, 

 has large acorns like the above, but more the chestnut-like leaves of the next; 

 grows in and near the mounteiins. — Yar. acuminata. Yellow Chestnut Oak 

 of rich rather dry soil through the interior, mostly of the Middle States, has 

 chestnut-like oblong or lanceolate leaves, mostly roundish at base, on slender 

 petioles, equally and sharply toothed, and very straight-veined; cup about J' 

 broad, its scales small and close ; acorn ratlier small. 



Q. prinoldes, Dwarf Chestnut or Chinquapin-Oak. Barren or 

 sandy soil, mostly E. : shrub 2° - 4° high, with obovate or oblong sinuate 

 leaves narrowed at base ; and acorns and cup like those of true Chestnut Oak, 

 but very much smaller ; producing little abortive acorns in the axils of some of 

 the scales of the cup. 



« nt # Live Oak, with evergreen coriaceous leaves, not lobpd. 



Q. vfrens. Live Oak. Barrens or sands along the coast from Virg. S. 

 Sm:ill oj,-jlarge tree, or a mere shrub, with very durable firm wood,, the branch- 

 Icti and lower face of the small oblong entire (or rarely spiny-toothed) leaves 

 hoary ; conspicuous peduncle bearing 1 -% small fruits, with top-shaped cup 

 and oblong acorn. 



§ 2. Biennial-peuited Oaks, the acorns not mrttltring until the autumn of 

 the second year,' these iherefi/re borne on old wood' below the leaves of the 

 season, on short and thick peduncles or none : kernel always bitter ; tip or 

 tobes of the leaves comnwrdy bristle-pointed. ': ' • 



» Thickish-leatbd Oaks, some of them almost or quite evergreen at the South, 

 coriaceous but decidmus N., entire, sparingly toothed, or barely 3-lobed at 

 the summit. 



^- Leaves generally entire, not widened upwards : acorns spherical, small. 



Q. Cindrea, Uplani) Willow Oak. Dry pine-barrens, S. E. Virginia 

 and S. Small tree or shrub ; resembles Live Oak, but more downy, narrower- 

 leaved, the cup shallow, and stnall acorn globular. 



Q. Fh^llos, Willow Oak. Sandy low woods from New York S, : a 

 middle-sized tree, remarkable for its linear-lanceolate smooth willow-like leaves 

 naiTowed at both ends. 



