PINE FAMILY. 315 



9. THXjJA, ARBOR VIT^. (Ancient name of some resin-bearing evel"- 

 grocn.) The varieties planted in collections are very numerous;-; thQ fpHow- 

 ing arc the principal natural types, by many taken for genera. ' 



T. occidentillis, American Aebok Vit^, or White Cedar of the 

 North. Common tree N., in swamps and cool moiat woods, much planted, 

 especially for hedges and screens ; leaves mostly of the scale-shaped sort, blunt 

 and adnate ; cones oblong, rather soft, the oblong scales pointless, and bearing 

 2 thin winged seeds. Many nursery varieties, some of which, especially var. 

 ERiCoioEs or Heath-uke a., have the loose awl-shaped sort of leaves. 



T. orient^lis, or Biota okientai,is, the Chinese A., not fully hardy 

 far N. : small tree, with even the scale-shaped leaves acute, cone larger, with 

 thicker scales tipped with a recurving horn-like apex or appendage, each 

 2-seeded, and the seeds hard-shelled and wingless. — v ar. AijREA, the Golden 

 A. is dwarf and very dense, with yellowTgreen or partly golden-tinged foliage. 

 Var. TARTAKiCA,-is a more hardy glossy-green variety, the leaves scale-shaped. 

 Var. Meldessis, one with only loosie and awl-shaped leaves. Even the slender- 

 stemmed and weeping T. pendula is an extreme variety. 



T. dolabr&ta, or Thuj6i"S1s dolabrata of Japan. Remarkable for its 

 yery.flat spray, broad and very blunt large leaves .( sometimes iMong.) green 

 above and white beneath ; the cone with thick and rounded scales, each with 

 5 wing-margined seeds. 



10. JUNIPEEUS, JUNIPER. (Classical Latin natne.) M. late spring. 

 §. I. .Leg,ves (scaMike and awl-shaped, small, the former sort minutf and .very 



adnate) like those of Cypress and Arbor Vitce. ' ■ ' 



J. Virginitaa, Red Cedak or Savin. A familiar shrub apd small or 



large tree, with most durable and valuable reddish odorous wood ; the small 



fruit dark with & White bloom, erect on the short supporting branchliet. ' 

 J. Sablna, var. prociinibeiis. Rocky banks, trailing over the ground 



along our northern borders, with the scate-shaped leaves less acute, and the 



fruit nodding on the short peduncle-like recurved branchlet. 



§ 2. Leaves all of.one sort, in whorls of 3, jointed with the stem, linear with an awl- 

 shaped pricUjj point, the midrib prominent, also the mb-like margins. 



J. commtiais, Common Jdnipee. Erect or spreading shrub ; with very 

 6har])-pointed leaves green below and white on the upper face ; berries large and 

 smooth. The wild, low, much spreading variety is common N. in sterile or 

 rocky ground. Var. Hibernica, very erect tree-like shrub, forming a narrow 

 column, is most planted for ornament, from Eu. 



11. TAXUS, TEW. (Classical name, from the Greek for a how, the tough 

 wood was chosen for bows.) El. early spring. 



T. bacc&ta, European Yew. Low tree, with thick upright trunk, spread- 

 ing short branches, and pointed dark green leaves about 1' long ; when planted 

 in this country forms only a shrub. 



Var. fastigi^ta, Irish Yew ; a singular form, making a narrow column, 

 the branches appressed ; the leaves shorter, broader, and scarcely in two ranks. 



Var. Canadensis, American Yew or Ground Hemlock ; shady cold 

 banks and woods N. ; the stems spreading over the ground. 



12. TOEREYA. (Named for our Dr. John Tmrey.) Elowers in spring. 

 T. taxif61ia. Woods in Florida : a handsome tree, but with the wood and 



foliage ill-scented ; leaves like those of Yew but longer and tapering to a sharp 

 point : hardy as a shrub as far north as New York.— 'T. Cai-if6rnica, is the 

 Californian Nutmeg-tree. T. NUCfrEKA, from Japan, is another species. 



13. SALISBtTRIA, GINKGO-TREE. CSameAiovR. A. Saliahiry.} 



S. adiantif61ia (the name denotes the likeness of the leaves to those of 

 the Maidenhair Fern) , a most singular tree, planted from Japan, hardy even 

 N. ; branches spreading ; the fan-shaped alternate leaves with their slendpr 

 stalks, 3' or 4 long. 



