Haxdb(^ci1v of Teees (.)F the Xoi;tiiei;x State.s and Canada. 



The Red Spruce occasionally attains the 

 licij;lit of Kill fl.. witli tnnik froin -^-4 ft. in 

 diameter, hut usually is eonsiilerahly smaller. 

 \\ lien uuissed in the forests it develops a 

 straight colunuiar trunl< vested in a rather 

 thin irregularly scaly reddish bro\\n hark and 

 small horizontal l>ranches. Isolatetl trees, ex- 

 tending their lower hianclies farther oat. 

 d(.)\\"n\\ard and then cur\"ing gracefnily up\\"ard. 

 f(.)rm a wide an<l rather o[)vu pyramidal top. 

 It is one of tlie most abun^lant of the fcu'est 

 trees of northern New York and New Englaiul, 

 wlu're it is associated with the Hemlock, 

 P.ecch. Yellow Birch, Sugar Maple, Butternut, 

 etc. and in places forms quite e.Kclusive tracts 

 of forest. 



The wood is light, a cu. ft. when alisolutely 

 dry weighing i^S.f)" lbs., and moderately soft, 

 fait stj'ong and elastic and is valued for lum))cr 

 for general construction jjurpnses. flooring, 

 etc. and particularly for sounding boards for 

 musical instriunents. It is also extensively 

 n.^cd for paper-|)ulii and its resinous exudation 

 yields a large part of the Spruce Gum of 

 commerce. - 



1,1-nvrs from Va-% in. long, incuvvccl, with acute 

 callous tips, lustriius dark ^recn with 4 rows of 

 stDmata above and 2 r<jws licncatli on each side 

 lit' midrib : branchbds stout, pubescent. Floin-rx 

 cpcD in May: staniinate obhmK-cyliudrical : pis- 

 tillate oblong with retlcxed and thin rounrteil 

 scales and small bracts. Coiirx .ivnirt-iiblenj.', 

 I'/i-i; in. long on shcrt straight oi- inciM-\erl stalks. 

 acute at apex wdth rii;id puliernlnns scales loiinded 

 and entire or slighlly eroded at apex, green or 

 IJurplish, mostly falling in antnmn or earl.v wdnter 

 nn(f becoming brown : seeds dark brown, about ^^ 

 in, lon,g with wing broad and rrainded above the 

 middle. 



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