IlANriBOOK OF Tkees of the Noktheen States and Canada. 173 



The Swamp White Oak is a tree commonly 

 CO or 70 ft. ill li.'ii;ht witli truiil^ -Z or 3 ft. 

 ill thii'kness, but when erowded by other trees 

 in forest yruwth lias been l^nown to attain 

 the hei>;lit of 110 uv 100 fl. Tile sliort stout 

 trnnl^s of isolated trees are sometimes or 

 S ft. ill thickness. 'I'lie ttips of these are usu- 

 ally broad or rounded, with numerous tortu- 

 iius branelies. and leoie or less pendulous 

 liraiiehlets A\hieli often frini^e the trunk above. 

 As its name implies it inhabits the leiw ijrounds 

 of bottom-lands j;rowing in company with the 

 Red and Silver .Alaples. Ivina-nut Hickory, 

 Sweet anil Sour (iums. (.)\-ei'-cup. I'in and l.iurr 

 Oaks, CJreen and lilack Ashes, etc. 



Its wood i- heavy, hard and tough, a culiic 

 font when absolutely dry weigliiii,^ -47.75 llis. 

 and is applied to the same uses as that of the 

 White Oak. im distinction being made between 

 tlie two in cfunmerce,- 



Leavcs obovate to obovate-obloog, wedge-shaped 

 at base, rounded or obtuse at a|ie,\, coafsely 

 sinuate-crenate with 6-8 pairs of primar.v veius 

 or sometimes iiinuately lobed witli rounded entire 

 lobes, tomentose at first but at maturity dark 

 green and lustrous above, whitish and more or 

 less tomentose beneatli ; petioles stout %-f in. 

 long. FJoirrrs staminate aments 2-4 in. long witli 

 light yellow and deeply .5-9-tohed calyx ; pistillate 

 with long trimentose peduncles and short red 

 stigmas. ^Frnit commonly in pairs with peduncle 

 2-6 times as long as the petioles ; nut ovoid, 

 ■'i-1 in. long, pubescent at apex and about one-third 

 enveloped bv the hemispheric tomentose cup, some- 

 times tuberculate at base hut smooth near rim and 

 with tips of scales free and contorted. 



1. Syn. Qiwrrus iicolor Willd. 



•J. .v. W., Ill, 66. 





